Tudors, Stuarts, Civil war and the Glorious Revolution

When was the Magna Carta signed?- 1215

Tudors (year association)- 1500

Stuarts (year association)- 1600

Protestant reformation- A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

Henry VII- first Tudor king of England from 1485 to 1509

Henry VIII- The fat English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval), who later on had 6 wives.

Act of Supremacy- Declared the king (Henry VIII) the supreme head of the Church of England in 1534.

Act of Unification- Something King Henry did to further his power in parliament (not act of supremacy) Edward VI- Henry VIII's only son, who took England in a more Protestant direction during his short reign

Lady Jane Gray- Known as the Nine Days Queen and was executed for high treason. She was appointed the heir to attempt to keep England Protestant

Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary)- Took the English throne in 1553. She was the oldest daughter of Henry VIII, part of the Tudor family, and a devoted Catholic. Married to Philip II of Spain. Helped lead Counter-Reformation against Protestantism. Her goal was to return Britain to the Catholic Church. Nicknamed Bloody Mary because of the 300 Protestants she killed during her reign. Died with no heirs to the throne.

Elizabeth Tudor- Imprisoned Sister of Mary Tudor. She became queen and killed Catholics. Defeats the Spanish armada and dies without any heirs, becoming the last Tudor monarch.

James I- First Stuart monarch who ignored constitutional principles and asserted the divine right of kings. (Jamestown and a version of the bible is named after him)

Charles I- Son of King James; Charles also believed in the divine right of Kings. Ignored parliament and caused the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell executed him.

English Civil War- a civil war in England between the Cavaliers and the Roundheads under Charles I

Cavaliers- a supporter of King Charles I in the English Civil War. (lost the war)

Roundheads- supporters of the Parliament in the English Civil War. (won the war)

Oliver Cromwell- English military, political, and religious figure who led the Roundhead victory in the English Civil War and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England; he ruled as a dictator ruling by puritan rules.

The Restoration- the period of Charles II's rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government. (bringing fun back to England)

Charles II- Stuart king during the Restoration, following Cromwell's death.

James II- a Stuart king who greatly angered Parliament nobles and whose actions led to the *Glorious Revolution* and fled to France.

Petition of Right- 1628. Signed by Charles I. No imprisonment without due cause; no taxes levied without Parliament's consent; soldiers not housed in private homes; no martial law during peace time. (Modern day Magna Carta)

English Bill of Rights- King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.

Divine Right- Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

Absolutists- believing in a person's rule as completely and exclusively true (like a dictatorship)

Parliament- Britain's law making assembly

Guy Fawks- the weird british holiday guy

1689- When was the English Bill of Rights signed?

1628- When was the Petition of Right signed?