Untitled Flashcards Set

Epidemiological measures
• Be able to define what a risk factor is.
• Be able to distinguish between crude, standardized, and specific disease rates.
• Be able to define prevalence and incidence rates.
• Be familiar with the various epidemiological research designs we covered in class
(characteristics, advantages/disadvantages).
• Know the difference between prevalence and incidence cases.
• Know the 3 goals of epidemiology.
• Know what relative risk and odds ratios are.
• Be able to interpret a relative risk and 95% confidence interval if given an example.
• Know what confounders are and be able to recognize them if given an example.
• Know what an interaction effect is.
• Be able to list Mill’s canons of determining causation.
PA measures
• Be able to define MET and know what they represent.
• Know how each of the different measures of physical activity we discussed in class
(accelerometers, indirect/direct calorimetry, doubly labelled water, etc.) calculate caloric
expenditure.
• What is considered sedentary behavior?
• Know the risk factors for osteoporosis.
• At what age does cardiorespiratory fitness usually start to rapidly decline?
• At what age range does bone mass peak in women?
• Be able to define ejection fraction.
• Be familiar with the RER values discussed in class and what they reflect regarding
substrate oxidation.
• Be familiar with the results of the Runner’s health study.
• Be familiar with physical activity prevalence rates in men vs. women, among different
ethnic groups, and among different regions of the US.
All-cause mortality
• Know the metabolic and behavioral risk factors for all cause mortality.
• Be familiar with the dose response relationship that exists between all-cause mortality
and exercise minutes per week.

• Be familiar with how men and women differ in regard to the dose response relationship
between physical activity and all-cause mortality.
• Be familiar with the results of the Harvard alumni study regarding weekly caloric
expenditure and all-cause mortality.
• Be familiar with results of the Iowa women’s health study.
• Be familiar with the results of the Swedish twin registry study.
• What is the main conclusion from the English and Scottish health survey study?
• Be familiar with the results of the Cleveland Clinic cohort study.
• How many hours/wk is sufficient to reduce all-cause mortality?
• Be able to explain the fat vs. fit controversy and its implications.