Human Function 1
What is the anatomical position?
The starting point for describing movement or location, providing a universal language.
What does 'anterior' mean?
The front of the body.
What is meant by 'posterior'?
The backside of the body.
What does 'superficial' refer to?
Near the body surface.
What does 'deep' mean in anatomical terms?
Closer to the level of bone.
What does 'distal' indicate?
Away from the trunk.
What does 'proximal' mean?
Towards the trunk.
What does 'superior' refer to?
A body part that is above another.
What does 'inferior' mean?
A body part that is below another.
What is the supine position?
When a person is lying straight with the anterior surface pointed upwards.
What is the prone position?
When a person is lying straight with the anterior surface pointed downwards.
What is the sagittal plane of motion?
Divides the body into right and left parts, allowing for flexion and extension.
What is the transverse plane of motion?
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts, allowing for rotation.
What is an isometric contraction?
A contraction where the joint angle and muscle length do not change.
What is a concentric contraction?
A contraction where the joint angle changes with muscle shortening.
What is an eccentric contraction?
A contraction where the joint angle changes with muscle lengthening.
What is a hinge joint?
A joint that permits movement in one plane, such as flexion and extension, e.g., elbow and knee.
What is a ball and socket joint?
A joint that permits movement in multiple axes and planes, e.g., glenohumeral joint and hip.
What is the difference between closed chain and open chain activities?
Closed chain: distal segment is fixed and proximal segment moves; Open chain: proximal segment is fixed and distal segment moves.
What does the convex-concave rule state?
Convex on concave: arthrokinematic movement is opposite to osteokinematic movement; Concave on convex: both movements are in the same direction.
What is active insufficiency?
When a multi-joint muscle cannot be shortened anymore, limiting motion despite available joint range.
What is passive insufficiency?
When a multi-joint muscle cannot be lengthened anymore, limiting motion due to muscle length.
What are the primary muscles of the anterior trunk?
Rectus abdominis, internal abdominal oblique, external abdominal oblique, transverse abdominis.
What are the main regions of the vertebral column?
Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacral (5 fused), Coccygeal (3-5 fused).
What is lordosis?
Anterior curvature of the cervical and lumbar spine.
What is kyphosis?
Posterior curvature of the thoracic and sacral spine.
What is scoliosis?
Lateral curvature of the spine.
What are the 4 muscles of Neck Flexion?
Rectus Capitis Anterior, Rectus Capitis Lateralis, Longus Capitis, and Longus Coli
What are the 12 Muscles of Neck Extension
Trapezius, Levator Scapulae, Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis, Iliocostalis Cervicis, Longissimus Cervicis, Spinalis, Cervis, Semispinalis Capitis, Semispinalis Cervics, Semispinalis Capitis, Semispinalis Cervicis, Multifidus, Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor., Obliquus Capitis Superior
What are the 8 muscles of Neck Rotation
Sternocleidomastoid, Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervics, Semispinalis Capitis, Semispinalis Cervicis, Inferior Superior Anterior Scalenes
What are the 7 Neck Lateral Flexion Muscles
The Sternocleidomastoid, Middle Anterior and Posterior Scalenes, Levator Scapulae, Capitis and Cervics Splenius
What are the 3 Trunk Flexion Muscles
Rectus Abdominis External and internal Obliques
What are the 7 trunk extensor Muscle
Iliocosalis, Longissiums, Spinalis, Trapezius,
What are the 4 trunk Rotation Muscles?
External, Internal Obliques, Rectus Abdomins, Multifidus
What are the 6 Trunk Lateral Flexion Muscles?
Quadratus Lumbroum External Internal Obliques, Illocostalis
How many false ribs are there?
3 (8-10)
How many floating ribs are there?
2 pairs (11-12)
What is the joint that initiates Flexion and extension movement (yes)
Atlantooccipital (AO) joint
What is the joint that initiates No (rotation of the head)
Atlantoaxial (AA) joint
What is the joint that initiate the motion that varies between regions of the spinal column.
Intervertebral joints
What joint is adjacent vertebral bodies vertically aligns intervertebral disc cushion between these
Interbody joints
What joint is formed by superior and inferior facets of adjacent joints, allow small motion between the vertebrae
Zygopophyseal (facet) joints
What joint is going to connect between ribs and vertebrae. This allows gliding and rotation.
Costal joints
What are the muscles of the anterior trunk?
• Rectus abdominis • Internal abdominal oblique • External abdominal oblique • Transverse abdominis
What are the erector spinae muscles?
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
Synarthroses
immovable joints remeber suture joints of skull.
synovial joints
freely movable joints
masster muscle
elevates mandible, closes jaw allows us to eat
What are the ligaments that enhance stability between the skull and mandible
Stylomandibular, sphenomandibular, and temporomandibular ligaments
What joint allows for elevation, depression, laeral deviation protraction and retraction of the mandible
Temporomandibular Joints TMJ
Mastered (5)You've been getting these terms right!
Select these 5
What does 'medial' refer to?
A location near the midline of the body.
What does 'lateral' indicate?
A location or position farther from the midline.
What is the frontal plane of motion?
Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts, allowing for ab/adduction and lateral flexion.
What is arthrokinematics?
The study of how joint surfaces move in relation to one another.
How many true ribs do humans have?
7
Not studied (1)You haven't studied these terms yet!
Select this one
The client uses neck flexion to look down at their shirt when buttoning. Which of the following aids in this action during the occupation?
sternocleidomastoid
This content has been enhanced using AI and may also have been modified by its original creator. As a result, it may be incorrect or problematic. Please report any issues that require our review.
Learn More
You can also click the terms or definitions to blur or reveal them
Review with an activity