TASK 1

Here’s a vocabulary table with the words used in the reports, along with their meanings, examples, and humorous real-life examples in Vietnamese for better memorization:

			Word/Phrase Meaning Example Real-life Vietnamese Example
Illustrates	To explain or show something clearly through examples or diagrams.	The diagram illustrates the process of recycling cans.	Biểu đồ này minh họa quá trình tái chế lon nhôm.
Overall	Referring to the total or general result of something.	Overall, the process of tea production involves several steps.	Nhìn chung, quá trình sản xuất trà có nhiều bước.
Stages	Different phases or steps in a process.	There are several stages in the production of cheese.	Có nhiều giai đoạn trong quá trình sản xuất phô mai.
Crushed	Reduced to small pieces by force.	The coal is crushed into small pieces before being processed.	Than được nghiền nhỏ trước khi xử lý.
Transported	To move something from one place to another.	The cans are transported to the recycling plant by truck.	Những lon nhôm được vận chuyển đến nhà máy tái chế bằng xe tải.
Chemicals	Substances used in industrial processes, often for cleaning or changing properties.	Chemicals are added to clean the water.	Hóa chất được thêm vào để làm sạch nước.
Heating	The process of making something hot.	The gas is heated to produce electricity in the power plant.	Gas được làm nóng để sản xuất điện trong nhà máy.
Cooling	Making something cool or cold.	After being heated, the gas is cooled in a separate installation.	Sau khi bị nung nóng, khí được làm lạnh trong một thiết bị riêng biệt.
Waste	Material that is discarded after use.	The solid waste from the gasifier is set aside after the heating process.	Rác thải rắn từ máy gas được để sang một bên sau khi quá trình nung xong.
Moulded	Shaped into a particular form or pattern.	The crushed cans are moulded into a uniform size.	Những lon nhôm nghiền nhỏ được tạo khuôn theo kích cỡ đồng đều.
Fermentation	A process where bacteria or yeast cause a chemical change, often producing gas or alcohol.	The mixture undergoes fermentation, adding salt and heat.	Hỗn hợp trải qua quá trình lên men, thêm muối và nhiệt độ.
Evaporated	To turn into vapor or gas, often due to heat.	The fermented mixture is then evaporated to remove excess moisture.	Hỗn hợp lên men được làm bay hơi để loại bỏ độ ẩm thừa.
Coagulated	To form a solid mass, often by heating or adding certain substances.	The milk coagulates into curds and whey in the fermentation tank.	Sữa bị đông lại thành váng và nước trong bể lên men.
Drained	To remove liquid from something.	The curds are drained to remove excess whey.	Váng được làm ráo nước để loại bỏ phần nước thừa.
Salting	Adding salt to something, often for preservation or flavor.	After milling, the curds are salted before pressing into molds.	Sau khi xay, váng được muối trước khi cho vào khuôn.
Pressed	To apply force to something in order to shape or compact it.	The curds are pressed to remove any remaining whey.	Váng được ép để loại bỏ phần nước còn lại.
Ripened	To become fully developed in flavor or texture, often in cheese.	The cheese is ripened for a period of time to develop flavor.	Phô mai được ủ để phát triển hương vị.
Filtered	To pass something through a filter to remove impurities.	The water is filtered to remove dirt and particles.	Nước được lọc để loại bỏ bụi bẩn và các tạp chất.
Tap	A device used to control the flow of liquid from a container.	A tap is opened at the bottom of the storage drum to collect the clean water.	Vòi được mở ở đáy thùng chứa để lấy nước sạch.
Packaging	The process of wrapping or boxing a product for transport or sale.	The cans are packaged before being shipped to stores.	Những lon nhôm được đóng gói trước khi vận chuyển đến cửa hàng.

The humorous examples in Vietnamese aim to create a more memorable association with the vocabulary. This approach can make learning more engaging while helping the learner better recall each term!

Here’s a vocabulary table from the provided reports, with their meanings, examples, and collocations:

				Word Meaning Example (English) Example (Vietnamese) Collocations
illustrates	To explain or show something clearly through a visual representation.	The diagram illustrates the process of recycling aluminium cans.	Sơ đồ minh họa quá trình tái chế lon nhôm.	Illustrates the process, clearly illustrates
overall	Considering everything as a whole.	Overall, there are seven stages in the process of electricity production.	Tổng quan, có bảy giai đoạn trong quá trình sản xuất điện.	Overall process, Overall result
process	A series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular end.	The process of recycling takes about six weeks.	Quá trình tái chế mất khoảng sáu tuần.	Recycling process, Manufacturing process
stages	Specific steps or phases in a process.	There are five stages in the production of soft cheese.	Có năm giai đoạn trong sản xuất phô mai mềm.	Production stages, Stages of development
initially	In the beginning or first stage of something.	Initially, raw milk is pasteurized before coagulation.	Ban đầu, sữa tươi được tiệt trùng trước khi đông tụ.	Initially starts, Initially involved
crushed	Broken into small pieces by force.	The cans are crushed into small pieces before recycling.	Các lon được nghiền nát thành các mảnh nhỏ trước khi tái chế.	Crushed cans, Crushed ice
mixture	A combination of two or more substances.	A mixture of milk and water is used in cheese production.	Một hỗn hợp sữa và nước được sử dụng trong sản xuất phô mai.	Homogeneous mixture, Mixture of ingredients
filtered	Removed impurities or particles from a liquid.	The water is filtered through sand, charcoal, and gravel.	Nước được lọc qua cát, than và sỏi.	Filtered water, Filtered air
evaporated	Changed from a liquid to a vapor, typically by heating.	The fermented mixture is evaporated to remove excess moisture.	Hỗn hợp lên men được bốc hơi để loại bỏ độ ẩm thừa.	Evaporated liquid, Evaporated milk
wilted	Refers to leaves or plants that are drooping due to lack of water or nutrients.	The leaves are wilted before the next stage of processing.	Các lá cây bị héo trước khi qua giai đoạn xử lý tiếp theo.	Wilted leaves, Wilted plants
coagulation	The process of a liquid turning into a solid or semi-solid.	The milk undergoes coagulation to form curds.	Sữa trải qua quá trình đông tụ để tạo thành váng sữa.	Coagulation process, Coagulation of milk
inoculate	To introduce a substance (such as a microorganism) into something to produce a reaction.	Fermenting microorganisms inoculate the milk to begin the coagulation process.	Các vi sinh vật lên men cấy vào sữa để bắt đầu quá trình đông tụ.	Inoculate the culture, Inoculate with bacteria
evaporation	The process of a liquid turning into a vapor, often due to heat.	The water undergoes evaporation in the cooling stage.	Nước trải qua quá trình bốc hơi trong giai đoạn làm mát.	Evaporation process, Evaporation of water
fermentation	The chemical breakdown of a substance, often by bacteria or yeast.	The milk undergoes fermentation when salt is added.	Sữa trải qua quá trình lên men khi thêm muối.	Fermentation process, Fermented product
moulded	Shaped into a particular form or structure, often in a mold.	The crushed cans are moulded into new shapes for recycling.	Các lon bị nghiền nát được đúc khuôn thành hình dạng mới để tái chế.	Moulded plastic, Moulded metal
salting	Adding salt to a product, often to preserve it.	The cheese curds are salted to enhance flavor.	Các váng sữa được muối để tăng hương vị.	Salting process, Salted cheese
ripened	Having matured or aged, usually in terms of food or dairy products.	The cheese is ripened for several weeks before consumption.	Phô mai được lên men trong vài tuần trước khi tiêu thụ.	Ripened cheese, Ripened fruit
packaged	Wrapped or enclosed in a protective covering.	The soft drinks are packaged in bottles and cans.	Nước ngọt được đóng gói trong chai và lon.	Packaged goods, Packaged product
evaporated	Changed from a liquid to a vapor, typically by heating.	The fermented mixture is evaporated to remove excess moisture.	Hỗn hợp lên men được bốc hơi để loại bỏ độ ẩm thừa.	Evaporated milk, Evaporated water
temperature	The degree of heat present in a substance or environment.	The temperature of the mixture is increased to 35°C during fermentation.	Nhiệt độ của hỗn hợp được tăng lên 35°C trong quá trình lên men.	Room temperature, High temperature

Humorous Example:

Crushed cans are like your dreams after a Monday morning meeting. It’s all about making them small and manageable!

Here’s a list of useful vocabulary for describing maps in IELTS Writing Task 1 (Map Descriptions):

General Vocabulary

		Word/Phrase Meaning Example
Layout	The way in which something is arranged or designed.	The layout of the city has changed significantly over the years.
Location	The position of something.	The location of the new park is close to the shopping center.
Zone	An area distinguished from others for a specific purpose.	There is a residential zone to the north of the city.
Area	A particular part of a place or region.	The central area of the city is now pedestrianized.
Region	A large, specific part of a country or city.	The region near the river has seen the most development.
Landmark	An object or feature of a landscape or town that is easily recognizable.	The old church is a well-known landmark in the city center.
Sector	A distinct part or division of a larger area.	The industrial sector is located on the outskirts of the town.
District	An area of a city or country, especially one characterized by a particular feature.	The business district is located in the south of the city.
Surrounding	The area around something, usually nearby.	The surrounding areas have also experienced major changes.

Describing Changes

		Word/Phrase Meaning Example
Developed	To make a place more advanced or built up.	The area has been developed with modern buildings.
Transformed	To change the structure, appearance, or character of something.	The town has transformed from a small village to a large city.
Modified	To make small changes to something.	The layout of the park has been modified to include more paths.
Upgraded	To improve or make something better.	The transport system was upgraded to include more buses.
Expanded	To increase in size or amount.	The shopping mall has expanded to include new restaurants.
Replaced	To take the place of something.	The old factory was replaced with a modern office complex.
Relocated	To move something from one place to another.	The market has been relocated to a new building.
Renovated	To restore or improve a building or structure.	The historic building has been renovated into a museum.
Restored	To return something to its original or better state.	The city center was restored to preserve its historic value.

Describing Positions & Directions

		Word/Phrase Meaning Example
Adjacent	Next to or adjoining something else.	The new hospital is adjacent to the university.
Northeast/Southwest/East/West	Directions for specific locations.	The residential area is in the northeast of the city.
To the left/right of	Indicating a position relative to another object.	The library is to the left of the park.
Behind	At the back of something.	The museum is located behind the shopping center.
In front of	At the front of something.	The cinema is located in front of the park.
On the outskirts	Located on the edge or periphery of an area.	The factory is situated on the outskirts of the town.
Near	Close to something.	The new restaurant is located near the beach.
Between	In the middle of two points.	The coffee shop is located between the bookstore and the bank.
Opposite	Facing or across from something.	The park is located opposite the library.

Describing Features

		Word/Phrase Meaning Example
Park	An area of land for public recreation.	There is a large park in the center of the city.
River	A large, flowing body of water.	The river flows through the heart of the city.
Bridge	A structure built to cross a body of water, road, etc.	A new bridge has been built across the river.
Square	A large open space in a city, usually surrounded by buildings.	The main square is located near the town hall.
Road	A path for vehicles and people to travel on.	The new road connects the city center to the airport.
Building	A structure with a roof and walls.	A new building has been erected near the train station.
Street	A public road in a city or town.	The restaurant is located on Main Street.
Lane	A narrow road or path.	The narrow lane leads to the residential area.
Intersection	The point where two or more roads meet.	The main intersection is located near the hospital.
Shop	A place where goods are sold.	There is a shop on every corner in the city center.
Traffic	Vehicles moving along roads.	Traffic has increased significantly near the city center.

Describing Movement/Direction

		Word/Phrase Meaning Example
Flow	Movement in a continuous stream.	The river flows through the middle of the town.
Lead to	To guide or direct towards a destination.	The road leads to the new shopping mall.
Connect	To bring together or join two things.	The new bridge connects the two parts of the city.
Cross	To move from one side to another.	Visitors can cross the river using the new bridge.
Pass through	To go across or through a place on the way to somewhere else.	The bus route passes through the city center.

Describing Size/Scale

		Word/Phrase Meaning Example
Large	Bigger in size.	The large shopping mall has many stores.
Small	Tiny or limited in size.	The small park is located near the school.
Significant	Large enough to have an impact or be noticeable.	The significant changes in the city’s layout are evident.
Minor	Not important or large.	There have been minor adjustments to the street layout.
Expansive	Having a large amount of space.	The expansive park is a popular place for families.

These words and phrases will help you effectively describe changes, locations, directions, and features on maps in IELTS Writing Task 1. Make sure to incorporate these into your responses to improve lexical resource and clarity.