Isms in European History

1. Capitalism
An economic system where private individuals own businesses and compete for profit.
Key Idea: Free market, competition, private ownership.

2. Communism
A political and economic ideology where all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their needs.
Key Idea: Classless society, no private property.

3. Socialism
An economic system where the government owns major industries, but individuals can own private property.
Key Idea: Redistribution of wealth, economic equality.

4. Liberalism
A political ideology focused on individual freedoms, democracy, and limited government interference.
Key Idea: Personal liberty, civil rights.

5. Conservatism
A political philosophy promoting tradition, social stability, and limited government intervention in the economy.
Key Idea: Tradition, stability, gradual change.

6. Fascism
A far-right authoritarian ideology that promotes nationalism and often racism, with a dictator in control.
Key Idea: Dictatorship, extreme nationalism, suppression of opposition.

7. Anarchism
Belief in the abolition of all government and a self-managed, stateless society.
Key Idea: No government, voluntary cooperation.

8. Nationalism
Strong identification with and pride in one's nation, sometimes leading to the belief that one's country is superior.
Key Idea: National pride, unity, often exclusionary.

9. Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power through colonization, use of military force, or other means.
Key Idea: Expansion of power, empire-building.

10. Totalitarianism
Government controls all aspects of public and private life.
Key Idea: Complete government control, no personal freedoms.

11. Marxism
The theory developed by Karl Marx that class struggle will lead to the overthrow of capitalism and the rise of communism.
Key Idea: Class struggle, workers' revolution.

12. Progressivism
A political philosophy advocating for reform, social justice, and government action to improve society.
Key Idea: Reform, improvement, social change.

13. Environmentalism
A movement focused on protecting the environment and promoting sustainable practices.
Key Idea: Nature protection, sustainability.

14. Feminism
Advocacy for women's rights and gender equality.
Key Idea: Gender equality, women's rights.

15. Globalism
The idea that the world is interconnected economically, politically, and socially.
Key Idea: Global cooperation, interconnectedness