Wk 1. 2 - Pharmacology

Page 4: Definition of Pharmacology Pharmacology: Study of the effects of drugs on living systems and the mechanisms of action (M/A). Types of Drugs:

• Therapeutic agents/medicines

• Poisons

• Recreational substances Drug Sources:

• Natural (plants/animals)

• Synthetic

• Genetically engineered substances

Page 5: Historical Perspective Reference Source: Rang & Dale Pharmacology; 9th ed; Ch 2; p 2. Accessed: January 2024

Page 6: Historical Example - Morphine Isolation of Morphine:

• Achieved in 1805, marking the first drug obtained as pure crystals.

• Enabled precise dosing by weight.

• Established the importance of a single substance's chemical activity.

• Led to the isolation of other plant-derived drugs.

• Knowledge of chemical structures helped in the synthesis of new drugs. Source: Wikipedia on Morphine, Accessed January 2024.

Page 7: Complementary Disciplines in Pharmacology Biochemistry/Molecular Biology:

• Studies biochemical effects of drugs, including enzyme and receptor interactions.

• Significant figures: Langley (1905), Ahlquist (1948) differentiated adrenoceptors (adrenergic receptors). Chemistry:

• Exploration of novel substances, structures, and functional groups. Microbiology:

• Focus on antimicrobials, antivirals, antifungals. Physiology/Pathology:

• Understanding normal bodily functions and the abnormal states during diseases to identify drug targets and therapeutic effects. Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research:

• Involves doctors, pharmacists, nurses, and scientists.

Page 8: Relevance of Pharmacology in Medicine Pharmacotherapy is integral to modern medicine, alongside non-pharmacological strategies (diet, exercise). A strong understanding of pharmacology boosts:

• Confidence in advanced units (Therapeutics and Pharmacy Practice).

• Performance in Clinical Placements.

• Communication regarding medication with patients and health practitioners.

Page 9: Professional Responsibilities of Pharmacists As a pharmacist: Daily recommendations regarding treatment requirements are essential, including:

• Dosage

• Indications

• Contraindications

• Drug interactions

• Adverse effects

• Other related recommendations.