Taxonomy : identifying animals / classifying them

taxonomy importance : farmers broccoli v. weed, doctors identify disease before treatment

matter to identify things

classification : organize life & indicate evoloutionary relationships

Linnaeus : creator/father of taxonomy, set up a universal system of classification called binomial nomenclature

binomial nomenclature : 2 part naming system, composed of the Genus and Species, ex. tiger = Panthera tigris. always written first name uppercase, second name lowercase, with both of them in italics.

species : a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring

biological species concept : can they interbreed and produce viable offspring ?

morphological species concept : do they look the same ? (definition : branch that deals with structural forms of the species)

phylogenetic species concept : is their DNA the same ? (definition : evolutionary history of a species)

all concepts are used to identify different forms of species

⭐⭐ ranks of taxonomy from broadest to most specific :

domain

kingdom

phylum

class

order

family

genus

species

each rank is called a taxon/taxa (plural)

phylogenetic : reconstructions history based off animals morphology and DNA

phylogenetic tree based on anatomy, physiology and DNA (show time)

tree shows the anatomical, physicological and molecular common characteristics between species

anatomy : structure of organisms, can classify how close species branches are (branch of morphology, includes internal systems)

physiology : biochemical and internal processes (chemical functions of organs)

cladogram : shows the relationship between organisms with ancestors (show characteristics)

clade : group that shares a common ancestor