e) Price competition

f) types of price competition: price wars, predatory pricing, limit pricing

g) types of non-price competition

price competition

  • price war = repeatedly lowering prices to increase market share or drive competitors out of business

  • predatory pricing = lowering prices below COP when a firm enters the market → raising prices when the firm has left the market

  • limit pricing = lowering prices below PML above COP → to deter competition

non-price competition

  • advertising

  • branding

  • celebrity endorsement