Time Period	Key Developments	People and Vocabulary
1750–1800	The Enlightenment spread across Europe and influenced revolutionary movements Ideas like natural rights, social contract, and liberty inspired political change	John Locke Voltaire Montesquieu Rousseau Natural Rights Social Contract Laissez-faire capitalism Enlightened Absolutism (Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great)
1775–1830	The American Revolution (1775–1783) challenged British colonial rule and set an example for future revolutions The French Revolution (1789–1799) overthrew the monarchy and led to radical changes in governance and society	Declaration of Independence Marie Antoinette Robespierre Napoleon Bonaparte Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité Nationalism Revolutions in Latin America (e.g., Simón Bolívar)
1790-1848	The Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) was a major slave revolt that led to the creation of the first independent Black republic Revolutionary ideals spread to Latin America, where leaders like Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín fought for independence	Toussaint Louverture Jean-Jacques Dessalines Haitian Revolution Creole elites Caste System (Castas) Enslaved Resistance
1820–1848	The Age of Revolutions saw uprisings in many parts of Europe and beyond, driven by nationalism and demands for self-determination The 1848 Revolutions swept across Europe, challenging monarchies and calling for democratic reforms	Metacom’s War Pueblo Revolt Ana Nzinga Túpac Amaru II Yaa Asantewaa 1848 Revolutions (Springtime of Nations) Chartism (UK) Abolitionist Movements
1750–1900	Industrial Revolution began in Britain and spread globally, transforming economies and societies New technologies like steam power, railroads, and telegraphs reshaped production and communication	James Watt (steam engine) Adam Smith (laissez-faire) Railroads Telegraph Factory System Urbanization Working Conditions Child Labor Factory Acts

Time Period	Key Developments	People and Vocabulary
1750–1800	British Industrial Revolution begins with innovations in textile manufacturing and steam power Capitalism expands, leading to new economic systems and global trade patterns	James Watt Adam Smith Laissez-faire capitalism Mercantilism vs. Free Trade Factory System Urbanization
1800–1850	Imperial powers expand control over colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Americas Indigenous resistance grows, as seen in Túpac Amaru II’s rebellion and Samory Touré’s military campaigns	Túpac Amaru II Samory Touré Yaa Asantewaa Indigenous Resistance Imperial Expansion Colonial Control (non-state to state) Resource Extraction Economies
1750-1900	New social hierarchies form, including middle-class growth, worker exploitation, and gender roles shifting Women’s suffrage movements begin, especially in the U.S. and Europe	Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Middle Class Proletariat Urban Poor Public Health Crises Labor Reforms (Factory Acts, Tenement Reform)
1750-1900	Industrialization leads to environmental degradation and increased demand for natural resources The “Great Divergence” between industrialized and non-industrialized regions becomes more pronounced	Great Divergence Pollution Deforestation Urban Overcrowding Railroads Steamships Global Capitalism Imperial Competition (Scramble for Africa)
1850–1900	Global capitalism emerges, linking industrialized nations with resource-rich colonies Migration patterns shift due to industrial labor needs and coerced labor systems (e.g., indentured servitude)	Indentured Servitude Convict Labor Chinese and Indian Migration Plantation Economy Cash Crops (sugar, cotton, rubber) Environmental Impact of Industrialization

Unit 5 and 6 CED