AP Psychology: ProSocial/AntiSocial Behavior

ProSocial Behavior

Altruism

  • Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Reciprocity Norm

  • People should return favors and other acts of kindness

Bystander Effect

  • People are less likely to help another in need or in distress if more people are present

Diffusion of Responsibility

  • Phenomenon whereby a person witnessing a problem is less likely to take action when others are present, assuming someone else will take care of the problem

Proximity

  • Geographic nearness is a powerful predictor of friendship

Similarity

  • Having similar views/thoughts between individuals causes the bond of attraction to strengthen

Physical Attractiveness

  • Initial stages of a relationship as it ‘draws’ you to someone

Matching Hypothesis

  • States that people tend to form other committed relationships with those who are similar in attractiveness or status

Passionate Love

  • An aroused state of intense intense longing for union with another

  • Usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Companionate Love

  • Deep, affectionate intimate attachment

  • Mutual concern for the welfare of the other

Mere Exposure Effect → Robert Zajonc

  • Repeated exposure to novel (new) stimuli increases one’s preference of that object

AntiSocial Behavior

Ingroup

  • People with whom one shares a common identity…”us”

Outgroup

  • Those perceived as different from one’s ingroup… “them”

Superordinate Goals

  • Shared goals that require cooperation between groups

Just World Hypothesis

  • Means of justifying inequalities

  • People “get what they deserve”

Scapegoat Theory

  • The tendency to blame an innocent individual or group for causing a negative experience