Exam 1 Notes

Induced defenses are not always turned on in plants to defend against herbivory.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B) False

Angiosperms are the group of plants with the most species on Earth today.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

The correct order of evolution from earliest to most recent is:
1) Bacteria
2) Eukaryotes
3) Mosses
4) Ferns
5) Gymnosperms
6) Angiosperms
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
C) 1, 3, 2, 4, 6, 5
D) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 6
Answer: A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Ferns were a major food source for huge herbivorous dinosaurs.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

Monocots have flower parts in multiples of 3.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

In the bacterial evolution experiment, the dependent variable is the population growth rate (relative to the ancestral population).
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

Photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs use carbon dioxide as their carbon source.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

Acidic pH is a factor that delays decomposition in peat bogs.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B) False

Matching evolutionary innovations with the plant group that first showed it:
A) Tracheids: Mosses
B) Seeds: Ferns
C) Xylem and Phloem: Gymnosperms
D) Flowers: Angiosperms
Answer: B) Tracheids: Ferns, Seeds: Gymnosperms, Xylem/Phloem: Ferns, Flowers: Angiosperms

The Earth's current atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is approximately 350 ppm.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B) False. It is approximately 420 ppm.

Spores were the evolutionary innovation for Gymnosperms.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B) False. Seeds were the innovation.

Both bacteria and fungi can be chemoheterotrophs.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

Deforestation of the Amazon decreases carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B) False

The presence of an endophyte in the presence of a pathogen helps offset leaf mortality for Cacao plants.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

In the Carboniferous Era, forests drew down atmospheric carbon dioxide levels creating cold conditions.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

Lignin and phenolics are complex plant compounds difficult for bacteria and fungi to decompose.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

The mutualism between plants and mycorrhizae benefits both.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

A spruce tree with ectomycorrhizae likely exists in an ecosystem with only inorganic nitrogen.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B) False. It exists in environments with organic nitrogen.

A membrane-bound nucleus is found in both Archaea and Eukarya.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B) False. Only Eukarya has it.

If a caterpillar stops eating an oak leaf after a bite, it likely indicates the plant is using induced defenses.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

A treatment of "Endophyte - Pathogen -" implies that the endophyte was detrimental if leaf mortality is lower compared to when the endophyte is present.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant life form.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

Statements true about carbon dioxide include that atmospheric levels decrease when peat bogs are drained.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True

Lignin was a major evolutionary innovation for non-vascular plants.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B) False

The first plants with lignin and vasculature were gymnosperms.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B) False. It was actually ferns.