the cold war

The Cold War PowerPoint Study Guide Day 1

1.         Identify and define the 3 Post (after WWII) War Conferences:

a.         1944 Dumbarton Oakes, Washington, Dc - formation of the United Nations (UN). Responsible for international peace

b.         1945 Yalta Conference – Stalin convinced FDR & Churchill to let the USSR control Poland. Germany and Berlin were split into four zones (West = Allies, East = USSR). The Declaration of Liberated Europe promised free elections.

c.         1945 Potsdam Conference – Allies & USSR cannot agree on reparations for Germany, USA  hints @ Russia about its new atomic bomb

2. Mary McLeod Bethune founded Bethune-Cookman College in Daytona, Beach Florida. Also participated in the founding of the United Nations.

3. The cold war was an era of confrontation and competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union when the threat of nuclear war created constant world tension.

4. The cold war is associated with the following:  define them…

     a. Arms Race – countries gaining nuclear weapons

     b. Space Race- who can get to the moon 1^st   (Sputnik)

     c. Espionage Act – (Spying) CIA –vs- KGB

5. At the Yalta conference, the “Big Three”, which included Churchill, FDR, and Stalin decided to divide Germany into 4 zones.

The 4 zones were occupied by the countries of France, Britain, the U.S. & The Soviet Union.

6. In June 1948, the French, British and American zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany.  East and West Germany were formed.

7. In response to “west” Germany being formed, the soviets cut off west Berlin (a city)  from the rest of the world with a blockade.

8. The blockade of west Germany was known as the Iron curtain.

NOW THERE IS THE DEMOCRATICE WEST (USA) AND THE COMMUNIST EAST (USSR)

9. According to George Kennan, Russians wanted to spread communism worldwide. The U.S. should use diplomatic, economic (Marshall plan), and military actions to keep communism contained, otherwise known as the U.S. policy of Containment.

10. Besides the policy of containment, how did the U.S. respond to the Soviet action of the Iron Curtain? Identify and define

a.

b.

11. President Truman decided to avoid the blockade/iron curtain by flying food and other supplies to the needy people of West Berlin. This was known as the Berlin Airlift.

12. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) a military alliance of the U.S. and its allies that formed in 1949 to protect Western Europe from Soviet aggression.

13, A rival to NATO, the Warsaw Pact was a military alliance of “eastern” Europe, it was the Soviets and their allies rival response to NATO.

14. Communist takeover in China.  Mao Zedong takes control of the Chinese gov’t from Chang Kai-shek’s National party. Now half the world appears to be under communist control.

15. Following WWII, the allies divided Korea at the 38^th parallel. The Soviets controlled North Korea. The U.S. set up a democracy in South Korea.

16. On June 25^th, North Korea invades South Korea. UN force led by McArthur come to the aid of South Korea. Communist forces push the UN  forces to the brink of defeat.  UN forces eventually pushed North Koreans back to the border of China.

17. China enters the war on the side of North Korea.  McArthur calls for an invasion of China,  He wants to use the atomic bomb,  McArthur criticized Truman for wanting a “limited”  war and is fired.


The Cold War Study Guide Day 2 (EJones)

1.     The G.I. Bill paid for nearly 5 million homes by making homes more affordable with low interest loans. It provided college for returning WWII veterans, one year of unemployed compensation for G.I.’s.

2.     One major act of President Truman was making the executive order to end segregation in the armed forces. He also asked Congress to pass a civil rights bill that would make lynching a federal crime.

3.     Strom Thurmond runs for president as a Dixicrat. Dixicrats were Southern Democrats who backed racial segregation and limiting the voting rights of African Americans.

4.     Truman’s campaign slogan was ..Truman’s “Fair Deal”  He said “The Buck stops here”.

5.     What did the Fair Deal do?

a.     Raise minimum wage

b.     Expand social security benefits

c.     Create system of national insurance

6. The New Red Scare.  “Red” comes from the color of the Soviet flag.

“Scare” comes from the fact that many people were scared that communism would come to the United States.

      7. Was there a reason to be concerned about communism in the U S? _____

          a. In 1949, China falls to communism

          b. The Cold war.

          c. The Soviet Union exploded its own nuclear weapon

      8. To combat communism in the U.S.

          a. The Loyalty Review board screened all federal employees to seek out

               Communist

          b. HUAC (House of Un-American Activities Committee) investigated people or

              groups that were believed to attempt to overthrow gov’t by working secretly

              from within.

       9. The Hollywood Ten were a group of Hollywood actors who were blacklisted for

            Refusing to answer HUAC questions

       10. Lucille Ball was also accused of being a communist along with ­Shirley Temple.

        11.  Alger Hiss was a 1^st time aid to FDR & an organizer of the United

              Nations. He was accused of being a spy by HUAC. Documents were produced

           That were linked back to his typewriter. He hid the documents inside of a hollow

           Pumpkin. They became known as the Pumpkin Papers. Hiss was

           Convicted of perjury, lying under oath.

        12. Richard Nixon was a California State Representative that convinced HUSC to

             Investigate Alger Hiss further.

        13. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were members of the communist

               Party; accused of selling secrets about the atomic bomb to the Soviets to help

               Them produce a A-bomb. They were condemned to death and

               Executed in June 1953

       14. In 1952, U.S. Senator Joe McCarthy began holding Senate hearing. Numerous Americans were accused of having ties to the Communist Party. McCarthy turned hearing into witch hunts destroying peoples’ reputations on rumor and weak evidence. This became known as McCarthyism.

       15. Americans were shocked when the Soviets test the more powerful H-Bomb (Hydrogen) in 1953

        16.  1952 American was ready for a change. Truman’s policies were not working.

                 a. The Soviets had tested the atomic bomb

                 b. Eastern EU had been consolidated into a communist region

                 c. China had fallen to communism

                 d. American troops were fighting in Korea,

         17.  President Dwight D Eisenhower known as “IKE” wins the next presidential election. He

                Chooses Richard Nixon as his Vice President.

         18.  Eisenhower domestic policy is known as Dynamic Conservatism, it’s a Balance of economic conservatism with some activism in other areas. He cut many New Deal programs but extended Social Security, Unemployment & Minimum wage.  Middle of the Road = Describes his political beliefs.

           19.  Eisenhower passed the Federal Highways Act that was the largest

                  Public works project in American History. It called for building 40,000

                  Miles of interstate.  Thanks Ike!!!

          20.  Ike reduced the size of the army & navy/. He put efforts into Developing Strategic Air Command (SAC), super Bombers and nuclear weapons. He said, “nuclear weapons gave more

                Bang for the buck”

          21.  In 1955, the U.S. unveiled the huge B-52, which could Fly across continents to drop nuclear bombs. We would never Need to Island-hop again!!!!

          22.  According to Ike, containment was not enough. His foreign policy, of massive retaliation was the threat to use nuclear weapons. Also, He used Brinkmanship , the willingness to go to the brink of war. To force the other side to back down.

          23.  Ike used the Central Intelligence Agency CIA) to combat communism by staging

                 Covert, hidden operations within countries. Established in 1947, the CIA is  

                 The U.S. spy network

           24. Eisenhower doctrine authorization of military force whenever

                The president thought it necessary to assist Middle East nations in resisting

                Communist aggression

           25.  Russians launched Sputnik. They beat America into space.

                  The impact, Congress establishes the National Aeronautics and Space

                  Agency, (NASA) to conduct research in rocket and space

                  Technology. Congress also passed the National Defense Education act

                  Which provide money for education and training in science, math and foreign

                  Languages

            26.  In Ike’s farewell address, he warned Americans to be on guard against the

                  Influence of the Military-Industrial Complex in a democracy, which was

                  An informal relation that some people believe exist between the military and

                  The defense industry to promote greater military spending and influence in

                  Government policy (the Nye Committee findings).

The Cold War: Study Guide Day 3

1.        Taft-Hartley Bill limited the actions workers could take against their employers.

A.   It outlawed closed shops. Which meant hiring only union members.

B.    Allowed government to stop strikes that endangers public health.

2.        The New York suburb of Levittwon was the first modern suburb.

3.        The American birthrate exploded after World War II. From 1945- 61 to more then  65 million children were born. This period became known as the Baby boom.

4.        Jonas Salk  developed the vaccine that prevented polio.

5.        The 1950’s marked the beginning of Rock ’n Roll.

6.        The Generation Gap  was a cultural separation between children and their parent.

7.        The Beat Generation was the cultural movement of the 1950’s when young people ditched society’s normal standards for new was of thinking.  Members of the Beat Generation were referred to as “beatnicks” and set the stage for the rise of the counter-culture and hippies during the 1960’s.

8.        In the 1950’s millions of middle-class white Americans left the cities for the suburbs. This was called White flight.

9.        Groups that did not share in the prosperity of the 1950’s were:

A. inner city residents

B. hispanics

C. native americans

10.  Another problem facing the nation was juvenile delinquency. Many attributed this rise in teenage rebellion to movies such as “Rebel without a Cause” and books like “The catcher in the rye”.