Cell Transport

• Hypertonic solutions- Outside the cell has a higher concentration of solute. Cell loses water and shrinks. Opposite of hypotonic solution

• Hypotonic solution- Outside the cell has a lower concentration of solute. Cell gains water and enlarges. Hypo-hippo. Opposite of hypertonic solution. 

• Isotonic solutions- Concentration of solute is the same inside and outside of the cell. Stay the same. Water goes both directions.

• What are some differences between the cell wall and cell membrane

Cell walls are not flexible, not found in all cells, provide structure and support and are made up of carbs and proteins. Cell membranes are flexible, found in all cells, regulate entry, made up of lipids and proteins. 

• What are the three functions of the cell membrane?

Regulates what goes in and out of the cell, maintains homeostasis, helps with flexibility. 

• What do we mean when we say cell membranes are selectively permeable? Semi-permeable

It means that it lets some things through and not others. 

• What is passive transport?

Movement of h->L concentration until equilibrium is reached. 3 types

• What is simple diffusion?

Moving from H->L concentration (with the concentration gradient) No aid. EX: Perfume and air freshener 

• What is facilitated diffusion?

Moving from H->L concentration, uses proteins to get across the membrane. Needs help.

• What is osmosis?

Always involves water moving through a semipermeable membrane.

• What is active transport? 

Getting from L->H concentration (Against/up the concentration gradient. Needs energy (usually in the form of ATP)

• What are endocytosis and exocytosis?

Endocytosis- Into the cell. Exocytosis- Out of the cell

• What is ATP and where is it produced? What the cell uses for energy. Produced in mitochondria.