science notez

Term 1: Plains
Definition 1: Flat or gently rolling land.
Term 2: Plateaus
Definition 2: Elevated flatlands.
Term 3: Mountains
Definition 3: Large, elevated landforms, usually with steep slopes.
Term 4: Topography
Definition 4: The shape and features of the Earth’s surface.
Term 5: Characteristics that Determine Topography
Definition 5: Elevation, bedrock, rock type, resistance, climate (arid or humid), and sea-level changes.
Term 6: Elevation
Definition 6: Height above sea level.
Term 7: Bedrock
Definition 7: The solid rock underlying soil and other loose material.
Term 8: Plains and Plateaus
Definition 8: Usually composed of sedimentary rocks or lava flows.
Term 9: Mountains
Definition 9: Distortion of bedrock, often metamorphic.
Term 10: Relief
Definition 10: The difference in elevation within an area.
Term 11: Frost Weathering
Definition 11: Occurs when water freezes in cracks, expands, and breaks rocks apart in cold and wet climates.
Term 12: Particle Size Determination of Soil
Definition 12: Determination of the different sizes of mineral particles in soil.
Term 13: Topsoil
Definition 13: Surface layer of soil.
Term 14: Subsoil
Definition 14: Layer of soil below the topsoil.
Term 15: Weathering Bedrock
Definition 15: Weathering of the bedrock.
Term 16: Bedrock and the Layers of Soil Erosion
Definition 16: The layers of soil that overlie bedrock may erode through processes such as freeze-thaw and plant growth
Term 17: Gravity
Definition 17: A force that drives many erosion systems.
Term 18: Running Water
Definition 18: Dominates Earth's surface in terms of erosion.
Term 19: Rocks and Erosion
Definition 19: Rocks become rounded and smooth due to abrasion during erosion.
Term 20: Wind Erosion Evidence
Definition 20: Rough, angular, sorted sediments.
Term 21: Glaciers
Definition 21: Large mass of moving ice.
Term 22: Glacier Valleys
Definition 22: Long, slow-moving wedges; U-shaped valleys.
Term 23: Erratic Boulder
Definition 23: A large boulder that differs from the surrounding rock and was transported by a glacier.
Term 24: Striations
Definition 24: Scratches or grooves on rocks caused by glacial movement.
Term 25: Moraines
Definition 25: Accumulations of glacial debris (till).
Term 26: Recessional Moraines
Definition 26: Moraines formed during pauses in glacial retreat.
Term 27: Terminal Moraines
Definition 27: Moraines marking the farthest advance of a glacier.
Term 28: Drumlins
Definition 28: Low, rounded, oval hills formed under glaciers.
Term 29: Outwash Plains
Definition 29: Plains formed by glacial meltwater deposits.
Term 30: Kettle Lake
Definition 30: Depressions formed by the melting of buried ice blocks in glacial outwash.
Term 31: Esker
Definition 31: Remnants of sub-glacial buildup.
Term 32: Kame Terraces
Definition 32: Terraces formed by riverbeds.
Term 33: Kame Formation
Definition 33: Constant rolling of materials at the bottom of ice.
Term 34: Stream Transport
Definition 34: Suspension, solution, saltation, and bedload.
Term 35: Streams and Weathering Materials
Definition 35: Streams carry different weathered materials.
Term 36: Glacier vs. Valley Shape
Definition 36: Glaciers are U-shaped, while valleys are V-shaped.
Term 37: Factors Affecting Deposition Rate
Definition 37: Stream velocity, particle size, particle density, and particle shape.
Term 38: Particle Size and Deposition
Definition 38: Larger and denser particles deposit faster.
Term 39: Particle Shape and Deposition
Definition 39: Rounder particles deposit faster than flatter particles.
Term 40: Vertical Sorting
Definition 40: Larger particles at the bottom, smaller particles at the top.
Term 41: Horizontal Sorting
Definition 41: Materials carried by stream-slowing side winds are deposited.
Term 42: Wind Erosion
Definition 42: Wind carries materials, especially sand and clay; can abrade rock.
Term 43: Sand Dune Shape
Definition 43: Gentle slope indicates the direction of the wind.
Term 44: Landscape Factors
Definition 44: Shape of the rock, rock type, resistance, elevation above or below the snowline, and climate (arid vs. humid).
Term 45: Arid Climate Landscape
Definition 45: Steep slopes, sharp angles, little to no vegetation.
Term 46: Humid Climate Landscape
Definition 46: Frost wedging, glaciers, heavy erosion, developed soil, less slope.
Term 47: Wave Erosion
Definition 47: Shorter waves provide the most energy and shape the coast.
Term 48: Wave Characteristics
Definition 48: Crest, trough, height, length, period.
Term 49: Wave Period
Definition 49: Depends on speed and length.
Term 50: Wave Dynamics
Definition 50: Wave refraction and sand movement on the beach (longshore drift).
Term 51: Shoreline Features of Erosion
Definition 51: Wave-cut cliffs, wave-cut platforms, stacks, arches.
Term 52: Shoreline Features of Deposition
Definition 52: Spits, baymouth bars, barrier islands.
Term 53: Mass Wasting
Definition 53: Movement of materials downslope under the influence of gravity.
Term 54: Types of Mass Movement
Definition 54: Falls and avalanches involve unsorted materials falling together.
Term 55: Creep
Definition 55: Very low velocity, gradual, steady movement.

Term 1: Spits
Definition 1: Shoreline feature of deposition.
Term 2: Baymouth Bars
Definition 2: Shoreline feature of deposition.
Term 3: Barrier Islands
Definition 3: Shoreline feature of deposition.

Term 1: Plains
Definition 1: Flat land, low elevation.

Term 2: Plateaus
Definition 2: Elevated flatlands.

Term 3: Mountains
Definition 3: Large, steep landforms.

Term 4: Topography
Definition 4: Earth’s surface shape.

Term 5: Topography Factors
Definition 5: Elevation, bedrock, climate.

Term 6: Elevation
Definition 6: Height above sea level.

Term 7: Bedrock
Definition 7: Solid rock under soil.

Term 8: Plains/Plateaus
Definition 8: Sedimentary rocks or lava.

Term 9: Mountains
Definition 9: Distorted, metamorphic bedrock.

Term 10: Relief
Definition 10: Elevation difference.

Term 11: Frost Weathering
Definition 11: Water freezes, breaks rocks.

Term 12: Soil Particles
Definition 12: Soil size determination.

Term 13: Topsoil
Definition 13: Surface soil layer.

Term 14: Subsoil
Definition 14: Soil below topsoil.

Term 15: Weathering Bedrock
Definition 15: Bedrock breaks down.

Term 16: Soil Erosion
Definition 16: Soil erodes over bedrock.

Term 17: Gravity
Definition 17: Drives erosion.

Term 18: Running Water
Definition 18: Dominates erosion.

Term 19: Rocks & Erosion
Definition 19: Rocks become smooth.

Term 20: Wind Evidence
Definition 20: Rough, sorted sediments.

Term 21: Glaciers
Definition 21: Moving ice mass.

Term 22: Glacier Valleys
Definition 22: U-shaped valleys.

Term 23: Erratic Boulder
Definition 23: Glacier-transported rock.

Term 24: Striations
Definition 24: Glacial scratches on rocks.

Term 25: Moraines
Definition 25: Glacial debris piles.

Term 26: Recessional
Definition 26: Moraines during retreat.

Term 27: Terminal
Definition 27: Farthest glacier advance.

Term 28: Drumlins
Definition 28: Oval hills under glaciers.

Term 29: Outwash Plains
Definition 29: Glacial meltwater plains.

Term 30: Kettle Lake
Definition 30: Ice-melt depressions.

Term 31: Esker
Definition 31: Sub-glacial remnants.

Term 32: Kame Terraces
Definition 32: Riverbed terraces.

Term 33: Kame Formation
Definition 33: Rolling materials under ice.

Term 34: Stream Transport
Definition 34: Suspension, solution, etc.

Term 35: Streams
Definition 35: Carry weathering materials.

Term 36: Glacier Shape
Definition 36: U-shaped vs. V-shaped.

Term 37: Deposition Factors
Definition 37: Velocity, size, density, shape.

Term 38: Particle Size
Definition 38: Larger deposits faster.

Term 39: Particle Shape
Definition 39: Rounder deposits faster.

Term 40: Vertical Sorting
Definition 40: Large at bottom.

Term 41: Horizontal Sorting
Definition 41: Side wind deposits.

Term 42: Wind Erosion
Definition 42: Wind carries sand.

Term 43: Sand Dune
Definition 43: Gentle slope = wind.

Term 44: Landscape Factors
Definition 44: Rock, elevation, climate.

Term 45: Arid Climate
Definition 45: Steep, little vegetation.

Term 46: Humid Climate
Definition 46: More weathering, less slope.

Term 47: Wave Erosion
Definition 47: Short waves shape coast.

Term 48: Wave Features
Definition 48: Crest, trough, etc.

Term 49: Wave Period
Definition 49: Depends on speed/length.

Term 50: Wave Dynamics
Definition 50: Refraction, sand drift.

Term 51: Erosion Features
Definition 51: Cliffs, platforms, etc.

Term 52: Deposition Features
Definition 52: Spits, bars, islands.

Term 53: Mass Wasting
Definition 53: Downslope movement.

Term 54:

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