The British cottage industry system soon is replaced by industrialization in factories. It becomes far more popular than Indian and middle eastern goods. Many countries soon after became industrialized

Spread of Industrialization

France and Germany→ France had a small pop. and workforce for factories. French rev. and other war took an took a hit on the economy and slowed the industrial revolution. Germany was politically divided into states that delayed industrialization but later emerged as a producer of steel and coal

The US→ began in the 19th cent. Human capital (workforce) was important. Many immigrated due to widespread poverty and political conflicts and contributed to the workforce.

Russia→ began focusing on railroads and exports…Trans-Siberian Railroad allowed Russian to trade easily with countries in East Asia. From that, coal and iron industries were developed but economy remained mostly agricultural until Communists came

Japan→ the first country to industrialize and have the least contact with Europe. They went through a process of defensive modernization, adapting tech and institutions from Europe and US to protect their traditional culture

Shifts in Manufacturing

Shipbuilding in India and SE Asia→ a resurgence due to political alliances between India and western countries but suffered due to ineffective control from British officials during the period of British colonization. Ships of the British East India Company became the Indian Navy, later disbanded and taken control from Britain’s Royal Navy

Iron Works in India→ At the time of company rule, British East Indian Company took control over parts of India, British tariffs led to the decline of India’s ability to mine and work metals but later mines were closed in fear of them being used for ammunition.. In addition the company blocked production of firearms and soon mining industry became distinct and thus a lack of technological innovation and labor-intensive method of mining once mining was practiced. Left a false impression that minerals were inaccessible.

Textile Production in India and Egypt→ they were first in the production and trade of textiles. As textile industry flourished in India, it undermined the British textile mills in Britain (Lanchestor) and the they pressured British gov. in India to impose a tax on textiles to undermine profitability in India. Similar in Egypt, where huge growth in European textile production had made Egypt lose them as a export market in textiles and as a domestic market as well.