apwh unit 6

Age Grades: Bantu system where individuals of similar age performed communal tasks, fostering cooperation.

Axum: Ethiopian kingdom, early center of Coptic Christianity, key player in Red Sea trade.

Bantu: People from present-day Nigeria, who migrated across sub-Saharan Africa, spreading agriculture, ironworking, and language.

Benin: West African kingdom known for its art and trade, especially with the Portuguese.

Camels: Transformed trans-Saharan trade by making long desert journeys possible.

Gold: Key commodity in West African trade, fueling the wealth of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai.

Great Zimbabwe: 15th-century southern African kingdom, known for its stone architecture and trade links.

Griots: West African oral historians and musicians, vital in preserving cultural traditions.

Ife: Yoruba city-state in Nigeria, famed for its artistic achievements in terracotta and bronze.

Islamic Slave Trade: Slave trade connecting sub-Saharan Africa to the Islamic world, active from the 7th century.

Jenne-jeno: Niger River settlement, thriving from the 4th to 8th centuries, known for iron production and trade.

Kebra Negast: Ethiopian text asserting the Solomonic dynasty's descent from King Solomon.

Kilwa: Powerful Swahili city-state, active in Indian Ocean trade from the 13th to 15th centuries.

Kin-based Societies: Early African political structures centered around family and clan relationships.

Kingdom of Ghana: West African state (8th-11th centuries), rich from controlling gold trade routes.

Kingdom of Kongo: Central African kingdom (14th-17th centuries), notable for its political complexity and trade with Portugal.

Koumbi-Saleh: Capital of the Kingdom of Ghana, an important center of trade from the 11th to 13th centuries.

Mali Empire: West African empire (13th-15th centuries), wealthy from gold trade, home to Timbuktu.

Mansa Musa: Mali's famous ruler (1312-1337), known for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca.

Sundiata: Founder of the Mali Empire, his conquests laid the foundation for its prosperity.

Swahili: East African coastal society engaged in Indian Ocean trade; also a Bantu-Arabic language blend.

Timbuktu: Major city in Mali, known for learning and trade.

Trans-Saharan Trade: Trade network connecting West Africa to North Africa and the Mediterranean, focused on gold and salt.

Zanji Revolt: Slave uprising in the Abbasid Caliphate (869-883 C.E.), highlighting social tensions.

Zimbabwe: Former British colony, gained independence in 1980 after a long liberation struggle.