Roaring 20s test review

  1. Which party dominated the politics of the 1920’s?

The Republicans

  1. Who was and what happened during the following presidencies.

    1. Warren Harding 

  • Republican from Ohio

  • Won by a landslide

  • Firm supporter of business 

  • Promised Normalcy (what the public wanted)

  1. What is meant by the Return to Normalcy

  • Life before war

  • Less government intervention

  • Focus on domestic issues

  • Isolationism

  • Restore peace and prosperity

  1. Tea-Pot Dome Scandal

  • Biggest scandal centered on Teapot Dome, Wyoming, government owned oil reserve

  • The secretary of the Department of the Interior, Albert B. Fall secretly leased the land and its reserves to an oil man.

  • Fall received a bribe of $400,000

  • Fall was tried and was found guilty

  • First cabinet member ever to sent to prison 

  1. How did his presidency end?

  • Died because of a heart attack in 1923.

  1. Calvin Coolidge

  • Vice president

  • Calm

  • New Englander

  • Serious, honest and integrity


  1. How did his presidency begin?

  • Harding’s death

  1. Why was he one full term?

  •  Harding’s death

  • Won the election of 1924 by a landslide

  • Popular support for calm and steady leadership

  1. Herbert Hoover

  • Secretary of Commerce 

  • Republican

  1. What did he promise in his campaign

  • He promised “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” 

  • Prosperity for all and economic growth

  1. Who was Alfred E Smith?

The Democratic nominated New York Governor- first Catholic ever to run for president, immigrants, catholics, and urban residents tended to support Smith.

  1. Why did being a Roman Catholic matter? 

  • Biases against them, fearing their loyalty to the Pope over the U.S. government.

  • Were viewed as different or less American.

  • Religious influences in politics.


  1. Women of the 1920’s?

    1. Flappers

Flappers were young women in the 1920s who embraced a new, modern lifestyle that was seen as rebellious and free-spirited.

  1. Pink Collar Jobs

jobs traditionally associated with women, often in caregiving or service roles, like teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. They were historically seen as "feminine" jobs.

  1. How did new technologies impact housewives?

  • Effortless

  • Free time

  • labor-free

  1. Amelia Earhart

  • First woman to fly across the atlantic ocean alone

  •  while trying to fly around the world, her plane disappeared over the Pacific Ocean, and she was not found.

  1. Not So Roaring Twenties

    1. National Origins Act

  • Set quotas to limit immigration.

  • Favored immigrants from Northern and Western Europe.

  • Restricted immigration from Southern, Eastern Europe and Asia.

  • Aimed to preserve the U.S.'s ethnic makeup.


  1. Billie Holiday

    1. Strange Fruit

  • "Strange Fruit" is about the lynching of African Americans in the South.

  • The song's lyrics describe hanging bodies of Black men as "strange fruit" from trees.

  • It became a powerful protest song, drawing attention to racial injustice and the horrors of lynching.

  • Holiday’s emotional delivery made the song an unforgettable statement against racism and violence.

  1. Lynching

  • Illegal killing (mobs)

  1. Sacco and Vanzetti

two Italian immigrants and anarchists who were accused of murder because of their immigrant background.

  1. Red Scare

fear and suspicion of communism and feared immigrants.

  1. Ku Klux Klan

Believed “white is great” and killed others (catholics, immigrants, african americans and etc..)

  1. The Red Summer of 1919

Racial Violence in 26 major cities

  1. The Great Migration

  • Large numbers of African Americans move to the north.

  1. Harlem Renaissance

  • A vibrant African American community in Harlem, New York (attracted thousands of migrants from  the south.)

  • Jazz clubs and the music scene were more important than the writers.

  1. Langston Hughes

  • Poet who won praise not only for the beauty of his poems but also for his moving expressions of racial pride.

  • Wanted his poems to sound like jazz music. 

  1. Impact of Pablo Picasso-Cubism

  • Harlem Renaissance Art:

  • Influenced heavily by Cubism

  • In cubist artworks, objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form

  • Subjects are depicted in basic geometric shapes.

  • Pioneered by Pablo Picasso

  • Focus of Harlem artists was African American achievements.

  1. Strivers Row

  • In Harlem, New York city

  • Wealthy African American neighborhood

  • Home to African American figures in arts, politics, and business

  1. Marcus Garvey

  • Jamaican immigrant

  • Created the Universal Negro Improvement association (UNIA)- promoted black pride and unity.

  • Encouraged African Americans to move permanently to Africa.

  1. The Economy of the 1920’s

    1. What was the stock market doing?

  • With a strong economy, many people could now afford to purchase stocks, or shares of companies. With money pouring into stocks, stock values kept rising.

  1. What risk was there?

  • High stock prices seemed to have little to do with the actual value of the company that issued them.  

  • The market was overvalued.

  1. Buying On-Margin

  • Borrowing money in order to buy stocks.

  1. Stock Watering (bad practice)

  • Many companies were untruthful about their company’s earnings and profits and were selling stocks at a higher price falsely.

  • Optimism about their future made this practice a “white lie”.

  1. Speculation

  • Risky business venture on the chance for a quick or sizable profit.

  • you pay YOUR money into the stocks,  hoping for profit

  1. What problems were being ignored during this prosperous time?

  • 1/5th of Americans lived in poverty.

  • Gap between the wealthiest and the middle-class was distant.

  • Americans began to consume less, foreign markets not an option (they were poor)

  1. Why was the economy slowing down by the end of the 1920's?

  • Risky investing in stocks

  • Overproduction (farmers)

  • Global trade issues

  1. Impact of tariffs?

  • Less trade

  • Businesses couldn’t sell as much overseas

  • Goods from other countries became more expensive

  • Other countries raised their own tariffs

  1. Consumption of good?

  • Americans consumed less

  1. What was happening to farmers?

  • Downward spiral:  they take out loans for new tech -> more efficiency -> productivity increases -> costs go down -> have to make more produce to make up for it.

  1. Amendments

    1. 18th- Prohibited making, selling, or transporting alcohol

    2. 19th- American women able to vote in presidential election

  2. Other names that could be on test

    1. Al Capone

Evil bootlegger that became rich by illegally selling alcohol during Prohibition. Presented himself as a wonderful gentleman but directly and indirectly murdered many people, and made Chicago a terrible crime zone for years to come

  1. Babe Ruth

Baseball legend that changed the way the sport was played but was difficult to deal with

  1. Charlie Chaplin

Comic actor who became famous in silent film

  1. John T. Scopes

Teacher who was arrested for teaching human evolution at a high school in Tennessee

  1. Louis Armstrong

African American Jazz singer and trumpet player

  1. Duke Ellington

Another African American jazz musician