civil rights

Front: Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Back: Supreme Court case that ruled segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Front: Little Rock Nine (1957)

Back: A group of nine African American students who integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, facing resistance.

Front: Governor Orval Faubus

Back: Arkansas governor who opposed school integration and used the National Guard to block the Little Rock Nine.

Front: President Dwight D. Eisenhower

Back: U.S. president who intervened in the Little Rock crisis by placing the National Guard under federal control to protect Black students.

Front: Felix Longoria Incident

Back: A Mexican American soldier who died in WWII; his family was denied funeral services due to discrimination.

Front: Community Service Organization (CSO)

Back: A Mexican American civil rights group that fought for equal rights and political representation.

Front: Native American Reservations

Back: Areas where Native Americans were forced to live, controlled by the U.S. government.

Front: Termination Policy

Back: A U.S. policy aiming to assimilate Native Americans by eliminating reservations and tribal governance, which was heavily rejected.

Front: Why did Governor Orval Faubus use the National Guard in Little Rock, Arkansas?

Back: He attempted to prevent the integration of Central High School by blocking the entry of the Little Rock Nine.

Front: How did President Eisenhower respond to the Little Rock crisis?

Back: He placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sent troops to protect the Black students.

Front: What challenges did Mexican Americans face in the civil rights movement?

Back: They experienced constant discrimination, lack of equal rights, and were often denied services such as funerals.

Front: What was the goal of the Termination Policy for Native Americans?

Back: To assimilate Native Americans into mainstream U.S. culture by ending reservations and tribal governance.

Front: Why was the Termination Policy heavily rejected?

Back: It led to poverty and hardship, as Native Americans were forced to abandon their cultural traditions and communities.

Front: Jackie Robinson

Back: First Black player in Major League Baseball; joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947 and won Rookie of the Year.

Front: African American Migration (1910-1940)

Back: Post-Civil War migration where many Black people moved out of the South to cities like New York and Chicago for better opportunities.

Front: The New Deal

Back: Government program providing jobs and financial relief during the Great Depression; gained Black support despite most African Americans being Republicans at the time.

Front: World War II and Civil Rights

Back: Increased Black population in Northern cities; Black soldiers fought in the war, leading to greater awareness of racial injustices.

Front: Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Back: Supreme Court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, ruling that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

Front: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Back: Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine.

Front: Rise of the NAACP

Back: Organization that challenged segregation laws through court cases and activism.

Front: Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

Back: White supremacist group that opposed Black civil rights through violence and intimidation.

Front: Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)

Back: Protest sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest; led by Martin Luther King Jr. to end segregation in public transportation.

Front: What major role did Jackie Robinson play in the Civil Rights Movement?

Back: He broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball, inspiring Black Americans and challenging segregation in sports.

Front: What was the impact of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling?

Back: It declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, leading to nationwide desegregation efforts.

Front: How did World War II impact African Americans’ fight for civil rights?

Back: Black soldiers’ service highlighted racial injustices, and migration to Northern cities increased Black voting power and activism.

Front: What was the Southern Manifesto (1956)?

Back: A document signed by Southern politicians opposing school desegregation following Brown v. Board of Education.

Front: What was the significance of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Back: It was a successful protest against bus segregation, leading to a Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional.