LS6000A Anatomy & Physiology Lab II-Final Exam Review Sheet

Respiratory, Nervous, Urinary and Reproductive Systems 

I. Terminology.

1. Bronchial tree is the branching network of airways in the lungs that transports air for gas exchange. It consists of bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli.

2. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the cells and the blood. 

3. Inspiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that can be forcibly taken in after normally inhaling.

4. Cauda equina are a collection of nerves at the end of the spinal cord and cone-shaped.

5. Olfactory nerve is the first cranial nerve and involved in the sense of smell.

6. The corpus callosum is a band of white matter that joins the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum.

7. Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell that produces myelin for cells in the brain. 

8. Axons carry nerve impulses away from the cell body. An action potential traveling down a myelinated axon travels faster than an unmyelinated axon.

9. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries within the kidney that plays an essential role in filtering blood. These capillaries are a component of the nephron, found in the renal corpuscles.

10. Ureters are the muscular tubes extending from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder. They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

11. Renal arteries are part of the circulatory system. They carry large amounts of blood from the aorta to the kidneys. 

12. The process by which urine is passed out of the body is referred to as micturition, voiding and urination.

13. Loop of Henle is a U-shaped portion of the nephron, responsible for concentrating urine and reabsorbing water and essential ions. It is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

14. Hymen is the thin membrane that covers the vagina partially or entirely.

15. Corpus luteum is the hormone-secreting structure that is formed after ovulation from the ruptured follicle, but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy is started.

16. Clitoris is the structure of the female external genitalia composed of erectile tissue.

II. Other Information:

1. The juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys releases a hormone, renin, that constricts blood vessels.

2. The larynx consists of vocal cords, thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis. 

3. Residual volume is not included in vital capacity.

4. Cerebrospinal fluid, CSF, is found between the arachnoid mater and pia mater.

5. The ethmoid, maxilla and frontal bones,  all contain paranasal sinuses.

6. Semen travels through the male reproductive system as follows:

Epididymis -> vas deferens -> ejaculatory duct -> urethra

7. Erection of the penis occurs through the increased blood volume in the corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum 

8. Fallopian tubes are the normal site of fertilization of an egg.