LESSON 2 - (Part II) - Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of Things (IoT)

• Network of physical objects embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity.

• Enables collection and exchange of data.

Definition of IoT

• IoT involves physical objects with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data.

• Examples: heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders, smart automobiles, wearable devices.

History of IoT

• 1999: Kevin Ashton coins "Internet of Things" and establishes MIT's Auto-ID Center.

Kevin Ashton - "Father of IoT"

• Defined IoT as a means to use data for efficient resource utilization.

• Criticized superficial applications claiming they don't represent true IoT.

How IoT Works

• Devices collect, send, and act on data using sensors and communication hardware.

• Enables machine-to-machine (M2M) communication.

• Interaction primarily human-driven for setup and instructions.

IoT Lifecycle

• COLLECT: Data is collected by devices and sensors.

• COMMUNICATE: Data is sent through networks to destinations (e.g., cloud, private data center).

• ANALYZE: Data is processed into information and visualized.

• ACT: Actions are taken based on information, including notification and M2M communication.

Structure of IoT

• Comprises networks of devices enabled by technologies like RFIDs and sensors.

• Features:

  • Tagging: Real-time traceability.

  • Sensing: Data collection from environment.

  • Shrinking: Miniaturization for smaller devices.

  • Thinking: Embedded intelligence for smart control.

Applications of IoT

• Aims to automate aspects of human life.

• Includes:

  • Home Automation

  • Healthcare

  • Environmental Monitoring

  • Infrastructure Management

  • Transportation

Smart Parking and Waste Management

• Smart parking can generate $41 billion through space visibility.

• Waste management uses sensors for efficient collection and monitoring of garbage cans.

Livestock Tracking with IoT

• Cattle monitored through embedded sensors for health and milk production enhancement.

Shopping Scenario with IoT

• Shoppers aided by tags on clothing and automatic payment systems through microchips.

Life Logging with IoT

• Technologies help capture personal activity data.

Thought-Controlled Computing

• EEG technology for controlling devices with thoughts.

Current IoT Status

• Connected devices projected to grow significantly from 500 million in 2010 to 50 billion by 2020.

Technological Challenges of IoT

• Challenges include scalability, standardization, interoperability, and data volume management.

Criticisms & Controversies

• Concerns regarding privacy, security, control, and environmental impact of IoT technologies.

Summary

• The Internet of Things represents only the beginning of technological advancements in connectivity.