genotype: Describes/description of the whole set of genes in one individual

phenotype: What you can see. Physical description.

1) Identify the roles of genotype and environment in determining phenotype

Depends on the interplay between genotype and the environment. Genotype + Environment. (P=G+E)

heritability: the percent of the phenotype caused by genotype. not the environment. Tells us how much will be passed on from parent to progeny.

2) Understand genes

genes: Control the range of what the plant cant respond. (through development, growth, differentiation)

environment: Helps direct the plant to choose the gene expression that is likely to be beneficial in that situation.

3) Describe the roles of genes and the roles of proteins in organisms.

1. Genes store information and the direction for un-coding the information.

2. They code for proteins(amino acids stay together).

3. Directs protein production through transcription and translation.

4. Genes are turned on/off by signals(environment or internal)

proteins: large, complex structures made of 100s to 1000s of amino acids(AA). Sequence determines 3D structure/function.

4) Describe and understand the role proteins play in plants.

1. Transcribe and translate information

2. Antibodies

3. Enzymes

4. Messengers

5. Structure Components

6. Transport/Storage

5) Identify three conditions necessary for natural selection

natural selection: Process by which individuals in subsequent generations become better adopted to local and current conditions.

fitness: Degree to which individual can survive/reproduce.

1. Diverse and heritable phenotypes

2. Selection pressure

3. Differential fitness of phenotypes

6) Understand the conditions necessary for natural selection.

Diverse and heritable phenotypes: Phenotypes can be modified by mutation, migration, and random genetic drift.

selection pressure: The abiotic/biotic factors that cause differential mortality among the diverse but heritable phenotypes. EX - light, temperature, pathogens, parasites

Differential Fitness of Phenotypes Steps

1. Mutation creates variation.

2. Unfavorable mutation selected against

3. Reproduction and mutation occur

4. Favorable more likely to survive.

evolution: Results in change in genotype frequency within a population or species over time. The population/species are better adapted.

7) Describe two mechanisms by which a species can diverge into becoming two species.

1. Reproductive Incompatibility

2. Different Geographic Locations.

8) Differences between genes, alleles, gene-pool, populations

gene: Unit from chromosome that codes for protein

chromosome: String of DNA nucleotides that produces protein.

allele: The alternate versions that can exist for any one gene.

gene-pool: All of the alleles in a population.

population: Group of interbreeding individuals of the same species.