What is the renal system's primary purpose? Metabolize nutrients, remove waste from body
Which organs are involved in the elimination process (renal system)? Bladder, urethra, ureter, kidney,
What is the kidney’s role in metabolic regulation? Remove metabolic wastes and toxins, maintenance of electrolytes and fluid balance, and control of pH homeostasis
What are the processes involved in urine production? (Name and define):Glomerular filtration, reabsorption secretion
What are some renal system disorders we talked about in class? (define & be able to give a little information about the disorder) Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the most common renal system disorders. CKD is caused when the kidneys become damaged over time and have difficulty doing their job.
How is renal system function assessed? (which tests are conducted): pyelogram, CT scan, ultrasound of the kidneys, cystography
What is nephrotoxicity?: Rapid deterioration of the kidneys function due to the toxic effects from medications and chemicals
What are some alternative medications/remedies used to treat renal system disorders? Kidney transplant
What is the correlation between renal system disorders and the color, odor, and clarity of a person’s urine? Healthy urine is more of a pale yellowish color, if the urine has blood in it there is a high chance of a UTI, and if it smells fruity that means the patient might have diabetes.
What is the digestive system? The digestive system are a group of organs that work together through peristalsis to move food through the body to the booty.
Food generally passes through the alimentary canal (GI) tract.
Which organs are involved in digestion/part of the GI tract?: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
What is the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion?
Chemical digestion: Breaking down food into molecules or simple nutrients that can be used by the cells
Mechanical digestion: Breaking down food into smaller particles to undergo chemical digestion.
What are 6 examples of nutrients that our cells need to grow, multiply, and complete their daily functions? Vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, water, and carbohydrates
What are the three phases of stomach secretion?
The cephalic phase: the stage where the stomach responds to the sight, smell, or thought of food
gastric phase: semi-food and particles activate the gastric activity
intestinal phase: When the first of the intestine responds to the chyme (digested food) and moderates gastric activity through hormones and nervous reflexes
What are some GI disorders that we talked about in class? (define & be able to give a little information about the disorder)
Gastritis is when the stomach is irritated. This could be caused by many factors such as medication like NSAIDs, caffeine, acidic, or even spicy. Gastritis happens when the stomach lining becomes inflamed and irritated. The stomach lining is coated by a barrier called the mucous membrane, which becomes broken and can cause serious damage to the stomach. It can lead to deep pits in the stomach wall.
What are the accessory organs that are essential to the digestion process? What do they do? Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. Each of these organs either store or secrete substances that pass through the ducts into the alimentary system
What waste product does the GI tract create? GI tract creates feces
What are some alternative medications/remedies that treat GI disorders? Milk, honey, and probiotics
Which medications from the brand/generic table given are available as OTC? Which ones are available as prescription items?
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