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INTRODUCTION

  • BAC Education: Introduction to philosophy and current issues.

  • Subject Matter: Falsafah Sejahtera (Philosophy of Prosperity) and the National Philosophy of Education.

TABLE OF CONTENT

  • Introduction to Philosophy

  • Falsafah Sejahtera

  • National Philosophy of Education

  • Scenario and Case Studies

  • Rukun Negara

LEARNING OUTCOMES

  • Explain the Development of Philosophy: Definition, meaning, and history.

  • Analyze Relationships: National Philosophy of Education (NPE) and Rukun Negara in relation to a prosperous vision.

  • Explain Role of NPE: Tool to prepare Malaysians for global challenges of the 21st century.

  • Describe Rukun Negara's Role: As a pillar for Malaysia's education policies.

LECTURE APPROACH

  • Methods: Lecture, blended learning, and student-centered learning (SCL).

IMPORTANCE OF THE SUBJECT

  • Forming Proper Thinking: Essential for shaping Malaysia's future.

  • Introduction to Philosophical Thoughts: Combining classical and modern streams.

  • Relating Current Thoughts to Classical: Understanding evolution of thinking.

INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY

  • Definition: Philosophy refines thought through arts and methods of thinking.

  • Key Fields: Epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics discussed in context of current issues.

  • Foundation for Dialogue: Basis of intercultural understanding and common values.

MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SUBJECT

  • Methodology: Logical, analytical, dialectical, empirical.

  • Broad Domain: Foundation for other subjects; contributes to various fields including mathematics, physics, and biology.

  • Influential Figures: Importance of philosophers like Pythagoras, Aristotle, and others in establishing core ideas in various fields.

GENERAL DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY

  • Etymology: Philosophy combines 'philo' (love) and 'sophia' (wisdom).

  • Wisdom: Deep knowledge of reality combined with commitment to using that knowledge for the welfare of society.

ANCIENT GREEK THINKERS

  • Fundamental Principles: Knowledge of unchanging truths versus transitory aspects.

  • Philosophy's Focus: Study of reality and fundamental principles—addresses questions like the origin of the universe.

QUICK FACTS ABOUT PLATO

  • Occupation: Philosopher, Writer.

  • Born: Circa 428 BCE in Athens, Greece.

  • Notable Ideas: Founded the Academy; believed in the realm of ideal forms.

QUICK FACTS ABOUT ARISTOTLE

  • Occupation: Philosopher, Scientist.

  • Born: Circa 384 BCE.

  • Contributions: Developed systematic logic and influenced many philosophical disciplines.

PHILOSOPHICAL BELIEFS

  • Socrates: Philosophy should improve societal well-being through ethics based on reason.

  • Plato: Knowledge is inherent; wisdom comes from realization of one's own ignorance.

  • Aristotle: Focus on logic and universal reasoning processes.

CLASS ACTIVITY

  • Philosophy Quiz: Engage with and reflect on personal philosophical beliefs.

NATIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION (NPE)

  • Definition: Ongoing effort to develop potential individuals towards harmony and balance.

  • Objectives: Produce knowledgeable, responsible citizens capable of contributing to society.

HISTORY OF NPE

  • Established: Introduced by the Ministry of Education in 1988, aligned with the Rukun Negara.

  • Background: Developed from previous education policies reflecting the needs of Malaysia's multi-ethnic society.

OBJECTIVES OF NPE

  • Produce loyal and united citizens who are prosperous and knowledgeable.

  • Provide equitable educational opportunities for all.

FOUR ELEMENTS IN NPE

  • Physical Balance: Health and agility for personal and societal contributions.

  • Emotional Balance: Spiritual stability and moral values for community well-being.

  • Spiritual Belief: Devotion to God and the integration of that belief in everyday life.

  • Intellectual Growth: Encourages critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

FUNCTIONS OF NPE

  • Guide educational context, terms, and policies.

  • Analyze changes in educational systems and teacher attitudes.

GROUP DISCUSSIONS

  1. Examine relevance of NPE today.

  2. Compare NPE with international educational philosophies.

CURRICULUM PHILOSOPHY IN SINGAPORE

  • Aimed at achieving Desired Outcomes, nurturing identity, and preparing students for global contributions.

  • Core beliefs about education guide the curriculum design and implementation.

RUKUN NEGARA (NATIONAL PRINCIPLES)

  1. Belief in God.

  2. Loyalty to the King and Country.

  3. Supremacy of the Constitution.

  4. Rule of Law.

  5. Courtesy and Morality.

HISTORY OF RUKUN NEGARA

  • Established on 31 August 1970 to enhance unity after the 1969 racial incident in Malaysia.

PRINCIPLES OF RUKUN NEGARA

  1. Belief in God: Emphasizes the importance of spiritual values in societal conduct.

  2. Loyalty: Encourages dedication to the monarchy and nation.

  3. Constitutional Supremacy: Reinforces the Constitution as the supreme law.

  4. Rule of Law: Establishes legal accountability and human rights.

  5. Courtesy and Morality: Promotes noble behaviors and respect in a multi-ethnic society.

CONCLUSION

  • Importance of returning to the founding principles of Rukun Negara for national direction and stability.