Chapter_14_Civil_War_PPT_2024-25
Chapter 14: The Civil War - The Death and Rebirth of America
Page 1: Overview
Introduction to Chapter 14, focusing on the Civil War in America.
Page 2: Resources of the Union and the Confederacy
Statistical comparison of resources available to the Union and Confederacy.
Impacts of resource allocation on war efforts.
Page 3: North Structural Advantages: Economic
Ability to Pay for War
August 1861: Congress establishes income tax and the IRS.
South resorts to printing money to fund war efforts.
Southern bonds lack buyers due to wealth tied in land and slaves instead of cash.
Page 4: North Structural Advantages: Economic
Industry and Technology
Advances in military technology, e.g., new rifles with a 400% range increase.
Introduction of new artillery methods such as grapeshot.
Factories mass-produce weapons of war.
Bloody scenes from battlefields depict the war's horrific nature.
Page 5: North Structural Advantages: Political
Governmental Structure
Established, functioning government at war's onset.
U.S. diplomats actively seek allies abroad.
The South struggles to create a functioning government and lacks diplomatic presence.
Page 6: South Advantages
Military Culture
Strong tradition of hunting and weapon handling in the South.
Intimate knowledge of geography aids defensive strategies.
South focuses on survival rather than territorial capture.
Page 7: Role of Contingency/Agency
Importance of military leadership and decisions made by generals.
Northern generals facing criticism leading to leadership changes.
Decisions from soldiers impact battle outcomes, including escape or combat.
Role of escaping slaves in support of Union efforts.
Page 8: Turning Points in War
Key battles like Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) with significant casualties (50,000).
Effective campaigns such as General Sherman's March to the Sea, employing tactics to demoralize the opposition.
Page 9: Road to Emancipation: Lincoln's Perspective
Lincoln's evolving views on slavery amid the complexity of war.
The Constitution interpreted through the lens of the Declaration of Independence.
Efforts to propose abolition in Washington, D.C., during the 1830s and 1850s.
Page 10: Road to Emancipation: Lincoln’s Actions
August 1862: Lincoln states slavery is immoral but resists federal intervention.
Correspondence with Greeley highlights challenges of personal beliefs vs. political needs.
Strategic decisions to maintain border state loyalty to the Union.
Page 11: Road to Emancipation: Key Figures and Events
Frederick Douglass's advocacy emphasizes the injustice of slavery.
Early actions by Union generals, such as the employment of escaped slaves as contraband.
Page 12: Transformation of Former Slaves
Summer 1862: Former slaves, now classified as contraband, prepare for roles in the Union army.
Page 13: Road to Emancipation: Union Realizations
General Fremont’s policy of freeing slaves; Union realizes the strategic value of enemies’ slaves.
Changes in soldier perspectives foster discussions about slavery and emancipation back home.
Page 14: Political Context for Emancipation
Lincoln’s delicate stance to protect border state loyalty while facing abolitionist pressures.
Congressional decisions bolster the rights of escaped slaves.
Page 15: Road to Emancipation: Proposals and Strategies
Senator Sumner’s advocacy for military emancipation strategies as of 1863.
Emphasis on military necessity rather than humanitarian motives in abolition.
Page 16: Road to Emancipation: The Emancipation Proclamation
September 22, 1862: Lincoln’s promise for emancipation contingent on military success.
January 1, 1863: Official issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation as a wartime strategy.
Page 17: Emancipation's Implications
The proclamation only frees slaves in rebelling areas, not affecting all enslaved individuals.
Military recognition of freedom for slaves sets the foundation for their roles in combat.
Page 18: America at War’s End
The war's toll on Southern demographics and economic conditions.
Jefferson Davis's fate post-war: imprisonment without trial for treason.
Regional perspectives post-war and soldiers' reflections on their sacrifices for the Union.