Chapter_14_Civil_War_PPT_2024-25

Chapter 14: The Civil War - The Death and Rebirth of America

Page 1: Overview

• Introduction to Chapter 14, focusing on the Civil War in America.

Page 2: Resources of the Union and the Confederacy

• Statistical comparison of resources available to the Union and Confederacy.

• Impacts of resource allocation on war efforts.

Page 3: North Structural Advantages: Economic

1. Ability to Pay for War

   • August 1861: Congress establishes income tax and the IRS.

   • South resorts to printing money to fund war efforts.

   • Southern bonds lack buyers due to wealth tied in land and slaves instead of cash.

Page 4: North Structural Advantages: Economic

2. Industry and Technology

   • Advances in military technology, e.g., new rifles with a 400% range increase.

   • Introduction of new artillery methods such as grapeshot.

   • Factories mass-produce weapons of war.

   • Bloody scenes from battlefields depict the war's horrific nature.

Page 5: North Structural Advantages: Political

3. Governmental Structure

   • Established, functioning government at war's onset.

   • U.S. diplomats actively seek allies abroad.

   • The South struggles to create a functioning government and lacks diplomatic presence.

Page 6: South Advantages

1. Military Culture

   • Strong tradition of hunting and weapon handling in the South.

   • Intimate knowledge of geography aids defensive strategies.

   • South focuses on survival rather than territorial capture.

Page 7: Role of Contingency/Agency

• Importance of military leadership and decisions made by generals.

• Northern generals facing criticism leading to leadership changes.

• Decisions from soldiers impact battle outcomes, including escape or combat.

• Role of escaping slaves in support of Union efforts.

Page 8: Turning Points in War

• Key battles like Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) with significant casualties (50,000).

• Effective campaigns such as General Sherman's March to the Sea, employing tactics to demoralize the opposition.

Page 9: Road to Emancipation: Lincoln's Perspective

• Lincoln's evolving views on slavery amid the complexity of war.

• The Constitution interpreted through the lens of the Declaration of Independence.

• Efforts to propose abolition in Washington, D.C., during the 1830s and 1850s.

Page 10: Road to Emancipation: Lincoln’s Actions

• August 1862: Lincoln states slavery is immoral but resists federal intervention.

• Correspondence with Greeley highlights challenges of personal beliefs vs. political needs.

• Strategic decisions to maintain border state loyalty to the Union.

Page 11: Road to Emancipation: Key Figures and Events

• Frederick Douglass's advocacy emphasizes the injustice of slavery.

• Early actions by Union generals, such as the employment of escaped slaves as contraband.

Page 12: Transformation of Former Slaves

• Summer 1862: Former slaves, now classified as contraband, prepare for roles in the Union army.

Page 13: Road to Emancipation: Union Realizations

• General Fremont’s policy of freeing slaves; Union realizes the strategic value of enemies’ slaves.

• Changes in soldier perspectives foster discussions about slavery and emancipation back home.

Page 14: Political Context for Emancipation

• Lincoln’s delicate stance to protect border state loyalty while facing abolitionist pressures.

• Congressional decisions bolster the rights of escaped slaves.

Page 15: Road to Emancipation: Proposals and Strategies

• Senator Sumner’s advocacy for military emancipation strategies as of 1863.

• Emphasis on military necessity rather than humanitarian motives in abolition.

Page 16: Road to Emancipation: The Emancipation Proclamation

• September 22, 1862: Lincoln’s promise for emancipation contingent on military success.

• January 1, 1863: Official issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation as a wartime strategy.

Page 17: Emancipation's Implications

• The proclamation only frees slaves in rebelling areas, not affecting all enslaved individuals.

• Military recognition of freedom for slaves sets the foundation for their roles in combat.

Page 18: America at War’s End

• The war's toll on Southern demographics and economic conditions.

• Jefferson Davis's fate post-war: imprisonment without trial for treason.

• Regional perspectives post-war and soldiers' reflections on their sacrifices for the Union.