Ch. 10 Vocabulary Words

Plasma

1. the fluid portion of the blood.

Hematocrit

1. the percentage of erythrocytes to total blood volume.

Albumin

1. a protein found in virtually all animals; the most abundant plasma protein.

Erythrocytes

1. red blood cells

Hemoglobin (Hb)

1. the oxygen-transporting pigment of erythrocytes.

Anemia

1. reduced oxygen- carrying capacity of the blood caused by a decreased number of erythrocytes or decreased percentage of hemoglobin in the blood.

Sickle cell anemia

1. Genetic defect leads to abnormal hemoglobin, which becomes sharp and sickle-shaped under conditions of increased oxygen use by body.

Polycythemia

1. presence of an abnormally large number of erythrocytes in the blood.

Leukocytes

1. white blood cells

Diapedesis

1. the passage of blood cells through intact vessel walls into the tissues.

Leukemia

1. a cancerous condition in which there is an excessive production of immature leukocytes.

Granulocytes

1. Granule-containing white blood cells that activate phagocytes.

Neutrophils

1. the most abundant of the white blood cells.

Eosinophils

1. granular white blood cells whose granules readily take up a stain called eosin.

Basophils

1. white blood cells whose granules stain deep blue with basic dye; have a relatively pale nucleus and granular-appearing cytoplasm.

Histamine

1. a substance that causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.

Lymphocytes

1. agranular white blood cells formed in the bone marrow that mature in the lymphoid tissue.

Monocytes

1. large single-nucleus white blood cell; agranular leukocyte.

Megakaryocytes

1. large, multinucleate cells that fragment to produce platelets.

Hematopoiesis

1. formation of blood cells.

Hemostasis

1. the stoppage of bleeding.

Thrombus

1. a fixed clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel.

Embolus

1. a free-floating clot in an unbroken vessel.

Thrombocytopenia

1. An insufficient number of circulating platelets.

Petechiae

1. rashlike spots on the skin that indicate widespread bleeding.

Hemophilia

1. term applies to several different hereditary bleeding disorders that result from a lack of any of the factors needed for clotting

Antigen

1. any substance—including toxins, foreign proteins, or bacteria—that, when introduced to the body, is recognized as foreign and activates the immune system.

Antibodies

1. a specialized substance produced by the body that can provide immunity against a specific antigen.

ABO blood groups

1. based on which of two antigens, type A or type B, a person inherits

Rh blood groups 

1. are named because one of the eight Rh antigens (agglutinogen D) was originally identified in Rhesus monkeys then in humans.

2. a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of certain proteins (antigens) on the surface of red blood cells