WHAP vocal 5

Filial Piety: Children must respect and care for parents and elders.

Abbasid Caliphate: A major Muslim empire that later became weak and Mongol take over.

Sufism: A peaceful, spiritual form of Islam focused on love for God.

Delhi Sultanate: A Muslim government in India.

Human Sacrifice: Killing people for religious reasons (Aztec/Maya).

Tenochtitlan: Aztec capital city built on water (now Mexico City).

Timbuktu: Famous city in Mali with schools and libraries.

Ibn Battuta: Muslim traveler who visited many places and wrote about them.

Camel Caravans: Groups traveling across the desert with camels carrying goods.

Manorialism: A small village system where the lord owns everything.

Kashgar/Samarkand: Important cities for trade in Central Asia.

Caravanserai: Rest stops where traders could sleep and get food.

Porcelain: Fine pottery, mostly made in China and traded globally.

Khanates: The Mongol Empire was divided into four regions ruled by Genghis's heirs.

Ming Admiral Zheng He: A Chinese sailor who explored and traded with many countries.

Diaspora: Groups of people living in different places, like Muslim traders in Africa.

Timbuktu: A rich city in Mali known for education and trade.

Caravanserai: Rest stops along the desert trade routes for traders and camels.

Citrus Fruits: Fruits like oranges and lemons spread from Asia to Europe and Africa.

Imperial Portraits: Paintings of emperors to show power and wealth.

Banner System: A military system that organized the Manchu army by banners (units).

Queue: A hairstyle where men shaved the front of their heads and tied the rest into a braid.

Askia Muhammad: A strong ruler who expanded the empire and supported Islam.

Gao: The capital city of the Songhai Empire, an important center of trade.

Tenochtitlan: The capital city of the Aztecs, built on a lake.

Human Sacrifice: The Aztecs believed in offering human lives to the gods to ensure good harvests and victories.

Chinampas: Floating gardens used by the Aztecs for farming on the lake.

Cuzco: The capital city of the Inca Empire, located in the Andes Mountains.

Atahualpa: The last Incan emperor, captured by the Spanish.

Sun Temple: A temple dedicated to the sun god, the most important god in Inca religion.

Sakoku: A policy of isolation, where Japan closed itself off from the outside world for over 200 years.

1453: The year the Ottomans conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul).

Istanbul: The capital city of the Ottoman Empire, formerly Constantinople.

Devshirme: A system where Christian boys were taken and trained as soldiers or administrators for the empire.

Janissaries: Elite soldiers in the Ottoman army, many of whom were part of the devshirme system.

Millet System: A system that allowed different religious groups in the Ottoman Empire to govern themselves.

Divine Faith: A religion created by Akbar that combined elements of Hinduism, Islam, and other religions.

Sikhism: A religion that developed in the Mughal Empire, blending elements of Hinduism and Islam.

Marathas: A group that resisted Mughal rule and later helped end the empire’s power.

Versailles: A palace in France that represented the power of the French monarchy.

Protestant Reformation: A movement that split the Catholic Church, leading to the creation of Protestant churches.

Scientific Revolution: A period of new scientific discoveries that changed how people viewed the world, with thinkers like Galileo and Newton.

Mehmet II: Ottoman sultan who conquered Constantinople in 1453.

Martin Luther: A key figure in the Protestant Reformation, who challenged the Catholic Church.

Suleiman I: A powerful Ottoman sultan, known for his law reforms and military success.

Akbar I: Mughal emperor known for his religious tolerance and centralization of power.

Kangxi: A Qing emperor who ruled during a period of stability and expansion.

Caravel: A fast, small ship used for long sea trips.

Fluyts: Dutch ships for carrying goods easily.

Astrolabe: A tool for measuring stars to help sailors find their way.

Lateen Sails: Triangular sails that let ships sail even against the wind.

Encomiendas: The Spanish were given land and forced Native people to work.

Castas: A social system in Spanish colonies based on race and family background.

Our Lady of Guadalupe: A religious image in Mexico combining Catholic and local beliefs.

Vodun: A mix of African traditions and Christianity in the Caribbean.

Potosi: A silver mining city in the Andes that made Spain rich.

Joint Stock Company: Investors put money together to fund sea voyages and share the profits or losses.

Dutch East India Company (VOC): A Dutch company that controlled trade in Asia.

British East India Company: A British company that controlled trade in India and Asia.

Spice Trade: Trade of valuable spices, like nutmeg and pepper, mostly from Asia.

Cossacks: Russian peasants who fought against the government for freedom.

Marathas: A group in India that fought against the Mughal Empire.

Revolts from the Enslaved (Queen Nanny): Enslaved people in the Americas fought back for their freedom, led by Queen Nanny.

Tokugawa Ieyasu: The leader who unified Japan and ended civil wars.

Creoles/Peninsulares: People born in the Americas (Creoles) vs. people born in Spain (Peninsulares), both in Spanish colonies.

Timars-Boyars-Gentry vs. Monarchs: Different social classes in the Ottoman Empire, Russia, and Europe, where nobles challenged kings.

Queen Nanny: A leader of escaped enslaved people in Jamaica, fighting for freedom.

Queen Elizabeth I - led a golden age of Britain.

Suffrage: The right to vote in elections.

Feminism: The movement for women's rights and equality.

Abolition: The movement to end slavery.

Liberalism: Belief in freedom, equality, and democratic government.

Jamaica Letter: A letter written by Simon Bolivar calling for unity in Latin America.

Trans-Siberian Railroad: A railroad that connected Russia from east to west, helping with industrialization.

2nd Industrial Revolution: A second wave of industrial growth with new technologies like electricity.

Cotton in Egypt: Egypt’s economy became focused on cotton farming for export.

Self-Strengthening Movement: China’s attempt to modernize and strengthen itself in the 1800s.

Tanzimat Reforms: Reforms in the Ottoman Empire to modernize and strengthen the state.

Trans-National Businesses: Companies that operate in multiple countries (like HSBC and Unilever).

Stock Markets: Places where people buy and sell shares of companies.

Industrial Society - Middle and Working Class: Society divided into the wealthy middle class and poor working class.

Social Darwinism: The belief that some races or nations are naturally superior to others.

"Civilizing Mission": The belief that imperialism would bring progress and culture to "backward" societies.

Religious Conversion: Many imperial powers believed they needed to spread Christianity to other parts of the world.

Non-state to State Control: The transition from being ruled by local leaders to centralized government control.

Growth of US and Japanese Empires: The US and Japan expanded their territories by conquering lands, like the Philippines and Korea.

Settler Colony: Colonies where people from the imperial country moved in and took over land.

Congo: King Leopold II of Belgium exploited the Congo, causing immense suffering to its people.

Yaa Asantewaa: A queen of the Ashanti people who fought against British colonization in West Africa.

Xhosa Cattle Killing: A movement where the Xhosa people killed their cattle, hoping it would drive out the British. It led to disaster instead.

Coerced Labor: Many people were forced to migrate for work, such as slaves or indentured servants.

Ethnic Enclaves: Groups of people from the same ethnic background who settled together in new areas.

Receiving Societies: The countries or regions where migrants settled, often dealing with social and cultural challenges.

White Australia Policy: Australia's policy of limiting immigration to white Europeans and excluding non-Europeans.

Militarism: Countries built strong armies, which made war more likely.

Alliances: Countries made agreements to help each other, which made the war bigger.

Stock Market Crash: In 1929, the stock market crashed, causing many countries to go into economic trouble.

Great Depression: A period where many people lost jobs and struggled to get by.

New Deal: The US government helped people recover from the Great Depression.

Five Year Plans: Stalin made plans to rapidly grow the Soviet Union’s economy.

League of Nations: An international group set up after WWI to keep peace, but it didn't stop WWII.

Failures of the Treaty of Versailles: The Treaty that ended WWI made things worse and led to WWII.

Holocaust: Nazis killed six million Jews and others in concentration camps.

Genocide: The killing of a whole group of people because of their ethnicity or religion.

Holodomor (Ukraine): Stalin caused a famine in Ukraine that killed millions.

Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge killed millions in Cambodia.

Totalitarianism – A government that controls all aspects of life.

Marshall Plan: US plan to help rebuild Europe to stop communism from spreading.

Containment: US policy to stop the spread of communism.

Non-aligned Movement: Countries that didn't choose sides during the Cold War.

Warsaw Pact: A group of Soviet Union and Eastern European countries that worked together during the Cold War.

Great Leap Forward: Mao Zedong's plan to rapidly grow China's economy, which led to disaster and famine.

Cultural Revolution: Mao's effort to remove old traditions and promote communism in China, causing chaos.

Martin Luther King Jr.: Led the peaceful Civil Rights Movement in the US.

Al Qaeda: A violent group that opposed Western influence, especially in the Middle East.

Mahatma Gandhi: Led India to independence through nonviolent resistance.

Ho Chi Minh: Leader of North Vietnam and communist forces in the Vietnam War.

Mao Zedong: Leader of communist China.

Nelson Mandela: Led South Africa’s fight against apartheid and became its first black president.

Deforestation: Cutting down forests, leading to habitat loss and climate problems.

Greenhouse Gasses: Gases like carbon dioxide that trap heat in the atmosphere, causing warming.

UN Declaration of Human Rights: A global statement promoting human rights and freedoms for all.

Civil Rights: The movement for equal treatment of all people, regardless of race.

Norman Borlaug – Scientist behind the Green Revolution.

Astrolabe – A tool to help sailors navigate using the stars.