Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri played crucial roles in the war due to their strategic locations.
The Campaign at Sea: The Union blockade aimed to restrict trade and limit foreign support.
Earlier Strategies and Campaigns (1861-63): Initial military strategies focused on quick victories and the capture of key locations.
Later Strategies: Adapted strategies included total war and focusing on Southern infrastructure.
The South: Relied on defense and maintaining morale.
The North: Shifted towards a more aggressive approach, leveraging resources.
Contrast between Northern and Southern Approaches: Varying philosophies regarding military engagement and war conduct affected strategy.
Population Superiority: The North had a larger population to draw soldiers from.
Wealth Superiority: The North possessed greater financial resources.
Manufacturing & Naval Power: Industrial strength aided the Union significantly.
Railways & Transportation: The North's extensive railway system enhanced mobility for troops and supplies.
War Finance: Better mechanisms for financing the war in the North contributed to its success.
Britain and France: Their involvement and perspectives influenced international dynamics and support during the war.
Conscription: Introduced by both the Confederacy and the Union, leading to unrest.
Liberty Restrictions: Each government took measures that limited civil liberties in response to the war crisis.
Reasons for the Proclamation: Aimed at weakening the Confederacy and redefining the war’s purpose.
Contents of the Proclamation: Freed slaves in rebelling states.
Responses: Varied from support in the North to backlash in the South.
Social Divisions: Inequalities due to slavery and class divisions.
Political Divisions: Conflicts within the Confederacy affected governance.
Economy: Struggled under blockade and warfare.
Southern Politics: Influenced heavily by oligarchies and slavery interests.
Northern Politics: More diverse and involved in reform movements.
Leadership in Reconstruction: Determined by conflicts between Presidential and Congressional priorities.
Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson: Their approaches varied significantly in leniency and policy intentions.
Impeachment of President Johnson: Highlights the tensions between executive and legislative branches.
13th Amendment: Abolished slavery.
14th Amendment: Granted citizenship and equal protection.
15th Amendment: Prohibited denying the right to vote based on race.
New Southern Economic Model: Shifts from plantation system to various economic initiatives.
Freedmen’s Bureau Achievements: Helped in education and rebuilding of the South.
Political and Legal Responses: Resistance through new laws and political maneuvering.
Black Codes: Implemented to restrict the rights of freedmen.
Peculiar Institution and Ku Klux Klan: Reinforcement of white supremacy and segregation.
Civil Rights Act of 1875: Aimed to guarantee equal rights in public accommodations.
Election Compromise of 1877: Resolved the contested 1876 election, leading to withdrawal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction.