Study Guides

Upper Extremities

  • Scapula

    • Anterior/Posterior regions

    • Key attachment for the clavicle

  • Clavicle

    • Connects the upper limb to the trunk

    • Located above the first rib

  • Humerus

    • The long bone of the upper arm

  • Radius and Ulna

    • Forearm bones

    • Carpals

      • Check for the one not being a carpal bone in quiz

Lower Extremities

  • Pelvis

    • Comprised of:

      • Ilium

      • Ischium

      • Pubis

    • Pubis Symphysis

      • Joint between the left and right pubic bones

    • Sacrum

      • Structure and attachment points

      • Articular surfaces with ilium

    • Coxal Bones

      • Include structures of sacrum and ilium

Vertebral Column

  • Cervical Vertebrae vs Thoracic vs Lumbar

    • Differences in structure and function

    • Notable features of C1 (Atlas) vs C2 (Axis)

  • Sacral and Coccygeal Regions

    • Structures of sacrum

    • Sacral iliac joint

    • Greater sciatic notch

  • Thoracic Vertebrae

    • Connects costal bones (ribs)

    • No spinous processes in some

Skull Anatomy

  • Fetal Skull vs Adult Skull

    • Changes in structure from fetal to adult form

  • Fontanelles

    • Soft spots in the skull of infants

  • Hyoid Bone

    • Structure and importance for muscle attachment

  • Zygomatic Arch

  • Mandibular Fossa

    • Articulation points

    • Coronoid Process vs Coracoids

Bone Features

  • Foramina

    • Holes in bones (e.g., Optic Canal, Carotid Canal, etc.)

  • Sulcus and Fossa

    • Definitions and differences, e.g., greater depression

  • Processes and Tuberosities

    • Notable processes e.g., styloid process, mastoid process

Important Landmarks

  • Iliac Crest

  • Tibial Tuberosity

  • Ischial Tuberosity

  • Fovea Capitis

    • Articulation points in the hip joint

  • Talus, Calcaneus, Cuboid, Cuneiforms (1-3), Navicular

    • Structure of the foot

    • Function in weight bearing and movement

Additional Structures

  • Cranial Structures

    • Celatursica, Crista Galli, Protuberance, Occipital Condyles

    • Important for brain and spinal cord attachment and support

  • Ribs and Costal Cartilage

    • Elastic and fibrocartilage functions in the thoracic region

    • All portions of the sternum noted for examination.