3.6.2 Thermal physics
Mind Map: 3.6.2.1 - Thermal Energy Transfer
Central Idea
Thermal Energy Transfer
Main Branches
1. Internal Energy
Definition
Sum of kinetic and potential energies of all its particles
Distribution
Random distribution of energies
2. Increasing Internal Energy
Methods
Do Work on the system
Moving particles
Changing shape
Increase temperature
3. State Changes
Impact on Internal Energy
Changes in potential energy
Constant kinetic energy
Example: Boiling Water
Temperature rises to 100°C
Energy used to break molecular bonds (potential energy increases)
4. Energy Calculations
Temperature Change
Formula: Q = mcΔθ
Q = energy required
m = mass
c = specific heat capacity
Δθ = change in temperature
State Change
Formula: Q = ml
Q = energy required
l = specific latent heat
5. Specific Latent Heat
Definition
Energy required to change the state of 1 kg of material without changing temperature
Types
Latent heat of fusion (solid to liquid)
Latent heat of vaporisation (liquid to gas)