A&P
1
Q: Which of the following is an example of an organ?
A: Calcaneus.
2
Q: The increasingly forceful labor contractions during childbirth are an example of what?
A: Positive feedback.
3
Q: A metacarpal bone would be classified as which bone shape?
A: Long bone.
4
Q: A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called what, while the marrow cavity is lined with what?
A: The periosteum covers the outside, and the endosteum lines the marrow cavity.
5
Q: Which of the following is a function of the skeleton on a cellular (microscopic) level?
A: Storage of calcium and phosphate ions.
6
Q: The spaces found between the concentric lamellae (layers of the osteon) are called what, and they contain what?
A: Lacunae, and they contain osteocytes.
7
Q: What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
A: They have different arrangements of bone tissue.
8
Q: The hardness of bone comes from what, whereas what provides some degree of flexibility?
A: Minerals provide hardness, and collagen provides flexibility.
9
Q: Spicules and trabeculae are found in what?
A: Spongy bone.
10
Q: Which of the following results in more blood flow to an organ?
A: Vasodilation in the artery leading to that organ.
11
Q: The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as what?
A: Resorption.
12
Q: Wolff’s law of bone explains the effect of what?
A: Mechanical stress on bone remodeling.
13
Q: Which of the following cell types has several nuclei and a “ruffled” border?
A: Osteoclast.
14
Q: Which hormone increases the number of osteoclasts but is also essential for absorbing calcium from food?
A: Calcitriol (Vitamin D).
15
Q: Which kind of tissue membrane lines entrances to the body, such as the mouth and nose?
A: Mucous membrane.
16
Q: If a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect what?
A: An elevated level of osteoblast activity.
17
Q: Low blood calcium stimulates secretion of what, which leads to what?
A: Parathyroid hormone, which leads to more osteoclast activity.
18
Q: In which of the following bones would you expect to find red marrow in an adult?
A: Flat bones of the skull.
19
Q: Multiple cell types working together is which of the following?
A: A tissue.
20
Q: After six months of lifting weights at the gym, an increase in muscle size is due to what?
A: Hypertrophy of muscle cells.
21
Q: All of these are normally regulated by negative feedback loops except one. Which is regulated via positive feedback?
A: Blood clotting.
22
Q: To maintain homeostasis, our body’s temperature fluctuates slightly around a what?
A: Set point.
23
Q: Which type of regulation is helpful in making adjustments to keep a variable near its set point?
A: Negative feedback.
24
Q: Put the steps of fracture healing in order.
A: Hematoma formation → Soft callus formation → Hard callus formation → Bone remodeling.
25
Q: Which of the following is not an example of negative feedback?
A: A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus.
26
Q: Increased secretion of calcitonin in response to hypercalcemia will result in what process?
A: Bone deposition.
27
Q: Which of the following tissues consists of spread-out cells in a protein matrix?
A: Connective tissue.
28
Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue?
A: The lining of the intestine.
29
Q: Which of the following is a list of the four main tissue types in humans?
A: Muscle, nervous, epithelial, and connective.
30
Q: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelium?
A: Spread out cells in a non-cellular matrix.
31
Q: Apoptosis differs from necrosis in that necrosis does what?
A: Causes cells to swell and burst.
32
Q: A certain cell dies on time without causing inflammation and is replaced. This is an example of what?
A: Apoptosis.
33
Q: Which fiber found in many connective tissues is very fine and forms a supportive mesh for soft organs?
A: Reticular fibers.
34
Q: The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called what?
A: Fibrosis.
35
Q: What is true of stem cells?
A: Stem cells can self-renew or replace mature cells when needed.
36
Q: Which of the following exists in people after development?
A: Tissue-specific stem cells.
37
Q: Which of the following is NOT a fully differentiated cell?
A: Osteogenic cell.
38
Q: Membrane transport is active if what?
A: It requires ATP.
39
Q: Which of the following is always active transport?
A: Transport that uses a pump.
40
Q: The organic component of bone is made by what, while the inorganic component does what?
A: Osteoblasts, and it crystallizes on the protein framework.
41
Q: When osteoclasts secrete HCl, what is its function?
A: To dissolve calcium phosphate.
Extra Credit
Q: Which of the following is an example of fluid that is extracellular but not interstitial?
A: Plasma (the fluid in blood).