Chapter 2 Chemical basis of life: Human A&P

Sure! Here are the flashcards with definitions for all 68 questions:

### Flashcards (Definition-Based)

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Front:

Importance of Chemistry in Anatomy and Physiology

Back:

Chemistry explains the composition of substances and their reactions, which is essential for understanding body functions.

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Front:

Three States of Matter in the Human Body

Back:

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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Front:

Type of Element Required in Large Amounts

Back:

Bulk Elements (e.g., carbon, oxygen)

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Front:

Smallest Particle of an Element with Chemical Properties

Back:

Atom

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Front:

Number of Naturally Occurring Elements

Back:

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Front:

Particle in an Atom with a Positive Charge

Back:

Proton

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Front:

Central Part of an Atom

Back:

Nucleus

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Front:

Example of a Molecule

Back:

H2O (Water)

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Front:

Term for Atoms with Same Protons but Different Neutrons

Back:

Isotopes

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Front:

Bond Formed by Sharing Electrons

Back:

Covalent Bond

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Front:

Term for a Positively Charged Ion

Back:

Cation

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Front:

Difference Between Covalent and Ionic Bonds

Back:

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons; ionic bonds involve transferring electrons.

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Front:

Role of Trace Elements in the Body

Back:

Required in very minute amounts for various functions.

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Front:

Example of a Compound

Back:

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

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Front:

Representation of Atomic Number

Back:

Number of Protons in an Atom

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Front:

Particle with No Electrical Charge

Back:

Neutron

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Front:

Formation of a Hydrogen Bond

Back:

Between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom in another molecule.

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Front:

Energy Required to Remove an Electron

Back:

Ionization Energy

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Front:

Reaction Involving Formation of a More Complex Structure

Back:

Synthesis Reaction

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Front:

Primary Use of Radioactive Isotopes in Medicine

Back:

To destroy cancerous tissue

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Front:

Function of Electrolytes in a Solution

Back:

Release ions that conduct electric current.

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Front:

What Happens When Sodium Chloride Dissolves in Water

Back:

It dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions.

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Front:

Substance that Releases Hydrogen Ions in Water

Back:

Acid

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Front:

Role of Bases in Chemical Reactions

Back:

Release ions that combine with hydrogen ions.

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Front:

Neutral pH Value Indicates

Back:

Equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

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Front:

pH Value Representing a Highly Acidic Solution

Back:

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Front:

pH Range of Normal Blood

Back:

7.35 – 7.45

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Front:

Condition Characterized by Blood pH Dropping Below 7.35

Back:

Acidosis

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Front:

Molecule Containing Carbon and Hydrogen, Often Water-Soluble

Back:

Organic Molecule

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Front:

Not an Organic Molecule

Back:

Water

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Front:

All Anatomical Structures Are Composed of

Back:

Chemicals

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Front:

States of Matter Found in the Human Body

Back:

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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Front:

Number of Protons Equals Number of Electrons in a

Back:

Neutral Atom

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Front:

Isotopes Differ in

Back:

Number of Neutrons

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Front:

Chemical Bonds Form Between

Back:

Atoms of Different Elements

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Front:

Electrons Are Located

Back:

In Electron Shells (Not in the nucleus)

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Front:

Cation Formation

Back:

When an Atom Loses Electrons

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Front:

Ionic Bonds Form By

Back:

Transferring Electrons Between Atoms

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Front:

Water as a Molecule

Back:

Polar Molecule

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Front:

Chemical Reactions Involve

Back:

Breaking and Forming Bonds Between Atoms

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Front:

Acids Release

Back:

Hydrogen Ions (H+) in Water

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Front:

Bases Release

Back:

Hydroxide Ions (OH-) in Water

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Front:

Salts Are Formed From

Back:

The Reaction Between an Acid and a Base

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Front:

pH Scale Range

Back:

0 to 14

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Front:

pH of 7 is

Back:

Neutral

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Front:

Acidosis Occurs When Blood pH

Back:

Drops Below 7.35

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Front:

Organic Molecules Contain

Back:

Carbon and Hydrogen

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Front:

Inorganic Molecules Typically Dissolve in Water and

Back:

Dissociate into Ions

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Front:

Phospholipids Are

Back:

Major Components of Cell Membranes

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Front:

Triglycerides Contain

Back:

One Glycerol Molecule and Three Fatty Acids

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Front:

Physiological Processes Are Based on

Back:

Chemical Reactions

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Front:

Elements Required in Large Amounts

Back:

Bulk Elements (e.g., carbon, oxygen)

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Front:

Smallest Particle of an Element

Back:

Atom

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Front:

Central Part of an Atom

Back:

Nucleus

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Front:

Atoms with the Same Number of Protons but Different Neutrons

Back:

Isotopes

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Front:

Molecule Formed from Two or More Different Elements

Back:

Compound

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Front:

Sum of Protons and Neutrons in an Atom

Back:

Atomic Mass

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Front:

Bonds Formed by Sharing Electrons

Back:

Covalent Bonds

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Front:

Particle with Gained or Lost Electrons

Back:

Ion

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Front:

Substances That Release Ions in Water

Back:

Electrolytes

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Front:

CT Scan Uses

Back:

X-rays to Create a 3D Image of Tissues

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Front:

PET Imaging Uses

Back:

Radioactive Isotopes to Detect Biochemical Activity

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