The Age of Jackson Review Guide Answers

Andrew Jackson- 7 th President of the US, responsible for the removal of Native Americans from

the Southeast and economic issues that occurred after his presidency.

John Quincy Adams- 6 th President of the US, defeated Jackson in the Election of 1824 due to a

“corrupt bargain”.

Henry Clay- Ardent opponent of Jackson, creator the American System

John C. Calhoun- Jackson’s first VP, resigned over the Nullification Crisis in South Carolina

Martin Van Buren- “Little Magician”,. Replaced Calhoun as Jackson’s VP and succeed

Jackson as president. His presidency was marred by economic issues that stemmed from

Jackson’s economic policies.

The Nullification Crisis- caused by the Tariff of Abominations which was the highest tariff in

US History. South Carolina contended they could nullify the Tariff because it was

unconstitutional. Caused divide between Jackson and Calhoun. Only time in their careers that

Jackson and Clay worked together

Spoils System- the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.

Used by Jackson

Indian Removal Act of 1830- Authorized the government to forcibly remove Indians from the

Southeast

Trail of Tears- 5,000-mile-long trail that the Natives were forced to use as they were relocated

from the Southeast. Many of them suffered from exposure, disease, and starvation while en route

to their new designated reserves

Jackson’s War Against the B.U.S- Jackson refused to recharter the Bank of the US and

withdrew all the federal deposits and put them in state banks

Worcester v Georgia- Supreme Court ruled the Cherokee were sovereign and could not be forced

to be moved.

John Marshall- Chief Justice of the Supreme Court that ruled against Jackson in many

decisions.

William Henry Harrison- 9 th President of the US, died 30 days into his presidency after

catching pneumonia during his inauguration

John Tyler- Harrison’s VP who ascended to the Presidency after Harrison died. Created the line

of succession

“Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”- Slogan used for Harrison and Tyler to make them more relatable

to the American people

Manifest Destiny- supposed inevitability of the continued territorial expansion of the boundaries

of the United States westward to the Pacific and beyond. The US was given the right to expand

by God.

Oregon Trail- Trail used by many Americans as they moved West as a result of Manifest

Destiny

Texas Revolution- 1835-1836 Texas rebeled against Mexico and is granted their independence.

Annexation of Texas- Due to financial issues, Texas requests for annexation by the US in 1844.

On Tyler’s last day in office he officially signed the paper to make Texas a part of the US.

The Alamo- Texas fort that was attacked by the Mexican military and led to a massacre of

Americans and Texans. Became a symbol of hope and martyrdom.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna- Mexican General that led the assault of the Alamo

James K Polk- 11 th President of the United States, main goal was to aid in the expansion of the

US.

Oregon Treaty of 1846- Treaty negotiated with England over the Oregon Territory. Set the

Northern border of the US at the 49˚. Gave the US Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

Mexican American War- War waged between the US and Mexico after Mexico would not sell

all of their land in the Southwest US. Led by Zachary Taylor, Winfield Scott, and John C.

Fremont, Decisive victory for the US.

Zachary Taylor- Military General and Hero of the Mexican-American War.

Winfield Scott- Military General served with Taylor in the Mexican campaign

John C. Fremont- Military General led the campaign in California

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- Treaty that officially ended the Mexican-American War and

granted the US the Mexican Cession for 15 million.

Mexican Cession- Land in the Southwest US that was won by the US in the Mexican American

War. Parts of California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico

Whig Party- Political Party that opposed Jackson and the Democrats, led by Clay and Adams,

became the party of the rule of law.

Democrat Party- Created by Jackson and Van Buren, became the party of popular sovereignty.