Functions of plants cells

Waxy cuticle – reduces water loss from the leaf

Upper epidermis – transparent to let light through

Palisade mesophyll – long thin cells to absorb as much light as possible for photosynthesis – packed with chloroplasts for maximum photosynthesis

Spongy mesophyll – contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Air spaces – allow gas exchange with the mesophyll cells

Lower epidermis – contains stomata for gas exchange and has a waxy cuticle to reduce water loss

Guard cells – control the size of stomata to regulate gas exchange and water lodd

Stomata – allow gas exchange and water vapour to diffuse out of the leaf

Xylem – transports water from the roots to the leaves

Phloem – carries sugars made in photosynthesis to all parts of the plant that need it