3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4

3.1


  • Gunpowder empires- empires that rose by the use of guns to conquer others

  • Gutenberg printing press- one of the first printing presses ever made.

  • Ivan IV- ruler who was crowned tsar in 1547 in Russia.

  • Qing dynasty- founded by the powerful Manchu and ruled until 1911.

  • Emperor Kangxi- 1661-1722 was one of China’s longest reigning emperors. 

  • Emperor Qianlong- ruled after Kangxi and was knowledgeable in art and calligraphy.

  • Ghazi ideal- model for warrior life that blended nomadic culture, and the willingness to fight from islam.

  • Mehmed || - known as the conqueror and was the leader of the ottomans.

  • Suleiman | - ruled the ottomans at the peak of their power.

  • Ismail- safavid military hero.

  • Shah abbas- ruled the safavid empire at its height.

  • Castes- strict social groupings designated at birth.


3.2


  • Divine right of kings- belief that the right to rule was given from god.

  • Justices of the peace- officials selected by the landed gentry to provide justice.

  • English Bill of rights- signed by William and Mary which assured individual rights.

  • Absolute- directed by one source of power.

  • Cardinal richelieu- minister of Louis X|||.

  • Intendants- royal officials.

  • Louis XIV- the sun king.

  • Tax farmers- people who oversaw collection of taxes.

  • Romanov dynasty- took control of Russia in 1613.

  • Peter the great- Leader of the romanovs.

  • Devshirme- Ottoman sultans system to staff military and government.

  • Janissaries- famous group of christian boys in the ottoman empire who were well educated in politics,arts, and military who formed elite forces in the Ottoman army.

  • Daimyo- landholding aristocracy in Japan.

  • Edo- city in modern-day tokyo.

  • Period of great peace- Mid 19th century Japan

  • Akbar-Mughal ruler

  • Delhi- capital of Mughal empire.

  • Zamindar- paid government officials.

  • Askia the great- ruler of Songhai.

  • Shah Jahan-builder of the Taj Mahal.


3.3


  • Martin Luther- monk in wittenberg Germany.

  • Indulgences- granted a person absolution from the punishments of sin.

  • Simony-selling of church offices

  • 95 theses- Martin Luther’s charges

  • John Calvin- french theologist who started calvinism

  • Elect- those predestined to go to heaven.

  • Puritans- people who wanted to purify the church of England from catholic remnants.

  • Protestant reformation- various reform efforts.

  • Anglican church- free of the control of the pope of rome.

  • King Henry VIII- started the anglican church.

  • Anne boleyn- woman King Henry VIII wanted to marry.

  • Charles V- powerful emperor of the roman empire.

  • Holy Synod- church created by Peter where clergyman answered to the tsar.

  • Counter reformation-  fighting against the protestant reformation to reform the Catholic church.

  • Inquisition- Christian way to root out and punish nonbelievers founded in the 12th century.

  • Jesuits- society of Jesus

  • Council of Trent- fixed some of the worst of the Church’s abuses.

  • Edict of Nantes- allowed Huguenots to practice their faith

  • Thirty year war- war that lasted thirty years and destroyed the world economy.

  • Peace of Westphalia- period which came after the thirty year war.

  • Shariah- strict islamic rule

  • Sikhism- a new religion developed from old beliefs of hinduism and sufism.