Colonies and Colonization
Jamestown was the first successful English Town in the United States
Roanoke was the first settlement that failed
Joint Stock Company - funded by money of investors (stocks)
Mercantilism was the main driver of colonization
Funded a trip to create a colony in North America (3 ships which founded Jamestown) → Expected to receive gold, silver, and wealth
Was considered a failure, due to disease and starvation (The Starving Time 1609-1610)
Mining for gold, due to company demands
Began growing tobacco → Cash crops were the main source of income for the British empire
English and Native Americans were in constant conflict
Jamestown Massacre: Native Americans raided the Jamestown settlements, killing many colonists
Indentured servants made up the majority of settlers
Wealthy investors would pay for passage and expected labour in return
Headright System
Any person who moved to Virginia received 50 acres
Plus 50 more paying a person’s passage
Chesapeake Region: Virginia and Maryland
Primogeniture: Only first-born sons receive land in England
Many people came to the New World for many reasons
Chesapeake: Wealthy landowners
New England: Pilgrims, puritans escaping religious persecution
Pilgrims and Puritans are not the same
Both:
Protestant sects
Travel to America to escape religious persecution
Believe in predestination
Originally settled in Massachusetts
Anglican Church has too many remnants of Catholicism
Pilgrims: Separated from the Anglican Church, settled at Plymouth
Puritans: Remained within the Church of England → believed in reforms of the church
Settled at the City Upon a Hill (Massachusetts)
Agreement signed by the males on the Mayflower in 1620
One should follow the community’s rules and show allegiance to the king
Made by the people → Common men created and signed the compact
1000 Puritans came to settle in Massachusetts Bay
Came with money and resources → Did not struggle like the Plymouth colony
1640: 20,000 Puritans, 2,600 Pilgrims in Plymouth, Puritans dominated society in Massachusetts
Created in 1630 by John Winthrop: A model city, a “beacon of hope”
Families settled in New England
Puritans were literate → Protestants believed in reading the Bible
Puritans were extremely religious → attending church, strict religious laws
Usually contained a lower and upper house
Most participants were wealthy white men
Created in 1619
The HoB met with the Governor and the Council of State
The HoB created/approved taxes and planned how the colony’s taxes would be spent
Goal: Benefit the mother country
The world’s wealth is fixed in material wealth, gold and silver
Decreasing imports and increasing exports
Raw materials are taken to Europe and turned into manufactured goods
Manufactured goods are sold back to the colonies or Africa
Colonies do not trade with each other
Trade is restricted between colonies, the mother country gets to impose their taxes
All goods shipped to or from the colonies had to travel on English ships
Most colonial resources could only be exported to England
Then they would be re-exported to other European nations at the profit of the Mother country
Effects:
Restricted the profits colonists could receive
Hindered the development of large-scale manufacturing
Forced colonists to pay high prices for goods
Led to an increase in smuggling
British policy of relaxed the enforcement of laws
Menat to keep British colonies obedient to the mother country
Practised until the end of the French and Indian War in 1763
As long the colonies are paying up, we are not going to be as hard on them
Jamestown was the first successful English Town in the United States
Roanoke was the first settlement that failed
Joint Stock Company - funded by money of investors (stocks)
Mercantilism was the main driver of colonization
Funded a trip to create a colony in North America (3 ships which founded Jamestown) → Expected to receive gold, silver, and wealth
Was considered a failure, due to disease and starvation (The Starving Time 1609-1610)
Mining for gold, due to company demands
Began growing tobacco → Cash crops were the main source of income for the British empire
English and Native Americans were in constant conflict
Jamestown Massacre: Native Americans raided the Jamestown settlements, killing many colonists
Indentured servants made up the majority of settlers
Wealthy investors would pay for passage and expected labour in return
Headright System
Any person who moved to Virginia received 50 acres
Plus 50 more paying a person’s passage
Chesapeake Region: Virginia and Maryland
Primogeniture: Only first-born sons receive land in England
Many people came to the New World for many reasons
Chesapeake: Wealthy landowners
New England: Pilgrims, puritans escaping religious persecution
Pilgrims and Puritans are not the same
Both:
Protestant sects
Travel to America to escape religious persecution
Believe in predestination
Originally settled in Massachusetts
Anglican Church has too many remnants of Catholicism
Pilgrims: Separated from the Anglican Church, settled at Plymouth
Puritans: Remained within the Church of England → believed in reforms of the church
Settled at the City Upon a Hill (Massachusetts)
Agreement signed by the males on the Mayflower in 1620
One should follow the community’s rules and show allegiance to the king
Made by the people → Common men created and signed the compact
1000 Puritans came to settle in Massachusetts Bay
Came with money and resources → Did not struggle like the Plymouth colony
1640: 20,000 Puritans, 2,600 Pilgrims in Plymouth, Puritans dominated society in Massachusetts
Created in 1630 by John Winthrop: A model city, a “beacon of hope”
Families settled in New England
Puritans were literate → Protestants believed in reading the Bible
Puritans were extremely religious → attending church, strict religious laws
Usually contained a lower and upper house
Most participants were wealthy white men
Created in 1619
The HoB met with the Governor and the Council of State
The HoB created/approved taxes and planned how the colony’s taxes would be spent
Goal: Benefit the mother country
The world’s wealth is fixed in material wealth, gold and silver
Decreasing imports and increasing exports
Raw materials are taken to Europe and turned into manufactured goods
Manufactured goods are sold back to the colonies or Africa
Colonies do not trade with each other
Trade is restricted between colonies, the mother country gets to impose their taxes
All goods shipped to or from the colonies had to travel on English ships
Most colonial resources could only be exported to England
Then they would be re-exported to other European nations at the profit of the Mother country
Effects:
Restricted the profits colonists could receive
Hindered the development of large-scale manufacturing
Forced colonists to pay high prices for goods
Led to an increase in smuggling
British policy of relaxed the enforcement of laws
Menat to keep British colonies obedient to the mother country
Practised until the end of the French and Indian War in 1763
As long the colonies are paying up, we are not going to be as hard on them