The Earth's gravitational pull extends as far out as... a. The highest mountain on Earth, but no farther b. The moon, but no farther C. The edge of the solar system, but no farther The entire universe! 2. Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation shows that gravitational forces are proportional to 1/r?, and thus, serves as an example of a(n) a. Universal Law b. Inverse Law Inverse Square Law d. Municipal Law 3. Astronauts in the International Space Station (ISS) experience weightlessness in their orbit around the Earth. This is because a. The Earth's gravitational pull doesn't exist outside the Earth's atmosphere b The ISS, and the astronauts in it, are in free-fall C. The ISS is so far away from the Earth that gravitational forces are negligible d. Everything in space is weightless 4. The gravitational force due to the a. Sun Moon is the primary cause of the tides. C. Supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy 5. Generally speaking, there are 2 C. d. 4 high tides per day in a given location. 2 high tides in ore day 6. The tides don't occur at the same time every day because a. The Earth spins on its axis The moon revolves around the Earth C. The Sun orbits the black hole at the center of our galaxy d. The Sun pulls on the Earth harder than the moon does 7. When spring tides occur b. High tides are higher than average and low tides are lower than average C. Low tides are higher than average and high tides are lower than average Both high tides and low tides are higher than average d. It must be March, April, May, or June

Imagine a black hole with the same mass as our Sun. What would happen to the Earth's orbit it

we replaced our Sun with this black hole?

The Earth would continue in its original orbit

b.

The Earth would suddenly stop moving

The Earth would slowly spiral into the black hole

The Earth would be quickly devoured by the black hole

é. We would find ourselves in an alternate universe in which we were all our own

grandpas.

9. Which of the following is true regarding the Earth's orbit?

a. The Earth orbits the Sun in a perfectly circular orbit with the Sun at the center

The Earth orbits the Sun in an elliptical orbit with the Sun at the center of the ellipse The farth orbits the Sum-in-ap-elliptieat-orbit with the Sun at one of the foci of the eHipse The Earth's elliptical orbit is quite eccentric, and during Northern Hemisphere winters the Earth is about twice as close to the Sun compared to Northern Hemisphere
summers

than

10. When the Earth is at its farthest point from the Sun, it has a greater anywhere else in its orbit.
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
Axial Tilt

Staring EMerge)

Chance of being hit by an asteroid

* 11. If the Earth was twice as massive, the force between it and the Sun would be
a.
Half as big
The exact same size
Twice as big

Earth ax the size force will

* 12 Ithetant was 3 tineses far away for be su, % , as bignalfore on the fart would be

a. 9 times bigger b.
3 times bigger
1/3 as big
1/9th as big

13. The gravitational field strength at the center of the Earth is zero. This is because

1. The Earth shields you from the Sun's gravitational pull

2. Nothing pulls on you
   You are being pulled equally in every direction

d. You need to be on the surface of the Earth to experience any gravitational force.

14. Einstein's E = mc? helps explain that when hydrogen is converted to helium in our Sun that:

*It takes a LOT of mass just to make a SMALt amount of energy

b

)It only takes a LITTLE mass to make a LOT of energy

The diagram shown below depicts a configuration for the sun, Earth, and moon. Predict the type being experienced by the person standing on the Earth.

1. High Spring Tide

2. Low Spring Tide High Neap Tide

Sun

Low Neap Tide

Neap is like

you have to Jung to each

planet

16. The diagram shown below depicts a configuration for the Sun, Earth, and moon. Predict the type being experienced by the person standing on the Earth.

Sarina is alinghated

) High Spring Tide b.

Low Spring Tide

C.

High Neap Tide

d.

Low Neap Tide

Sun

17. Which of the following would be possible in the configuration shown above in the diagram for the previous problem?
A solar eclipse

1. A lunar eclipse

2. Both of the above

3. None of the above

18. Which of these is true of the formation of new stars?

1. All stars were created during the Big Bang, and there's no way for new ones to form

2. Stars are produced in high energy explosions called "supernovae"

C) Stars are made in large clouds of dust and gas d.
Stars are made when black holes lose a significant fraction of their mass

19. Which of these correctly describes the ultimate fate of our Sun?

1. It will shine forever

2. It will become a black hole C It will become a white dwarf

d. It will become a neutron star

Julie has a twin brother, James, who decides to fly a spacecraft at very high speeds to do some interstellar travel. As he leaves for his journey, he speeds past Julie (on the Earth). Each twin is holding a meterstick and a clock. Consider the effects of Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity.

20. Which of these is true regarding how Julie and James will experience time passing on their clocks?

a. Julie sees James's clock ticking faster than hers. And James sees Julie's clock ticking faster than his
Julie sees James's clock ticking slower than hers. And James sees Julie's clock ticking slower than his

C.

Julie and James both see James's clock ticking faster than Julie's

d. Julie and James both see Julie's clock ticking faster than James's

21. Which of these is true regarding how Julie and James will experience the length of their metersticks?
Julie sees Jame's meterstick as shorter than hers. And James sees Julies meterstick as shorter than his
b.
Julie sees James's meterstick as longer than hers. And James sees Julies meterstick as longer than his

1. Julie and James both see James's meterstick as shorter than Julie's

2. Julie and James both see Jame's meterstick as longer than Julie's

22. Julie waits for James to return. When he does, Julie's clock says that James has been gone for
25 years. How much time will James's clock have measure?

a. 25 years-exactly the same as Julie's clock b.
More than 25 years--more time has passed for James than for Julie

Less than 25 years- less time has passed for James than for Julie