Unit 4 test
The study of diseases associated with excesses and deficiencies of the immune system is _______.
+zimmunopathology
-hemopathology
-humoralpathology
-histopathology
-epidemiology
Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category________.
+type I only
-type I and type IV
-type IV only
-type I, type II, type III
-type I, type II, type III and typeIV
Bee stin venom is considered to be which type of allergen
-ingestant
-inhalant
+injectant
-contact
Fungal spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen
-ingestant
-inhalant
-injectant
-contactant
The initial encounter with an allergen is called the _________.
-hypersensitivity dose
-Provocative dose
+sensitizing dose
-desensitizing dose
-allergic dose
Which of the following is not possible symptom of type I hypersensitivity
-diarrhea
+contact dermatitis
-sneezing
-rashes
-thinitis
A chronic local allergy such as hay fever is considered ________.
-sytemic anaphylactic
-delayed
-antibody edited
+atopic
-t-cell mediated
A systemic sometimes fatal reaction with airway obstruction and circulatory collapse is ________.
+systemic anaphylactic
-antibody mediated
-delayed
-t-cell mediated
-atopic
A seasonal reaction to inhale allergens is ____.
-atopic dermatitis
-anaphylaxis
-eczema
+allergic rhinitis
-asthma
A specific allergen are undergoing _____.
+desensitizatio
-sensitization
-tissue matching
-degranulation
Contact dermatitis involves _______.
-a sensitizing and provocative dose
-an allergen entering the skin
-t lymphocytes secreting inflammation cytokines
-itchy papule and blisters
+all of the above
Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called a/an _______.
-isograft
-xenograft
-allograft
-hypograft
+autograft
Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all of the following diseases except ________.
+tuberculin reaction
-multiple sclerosis
-myashenia gravis
-rheumatoid arthritis
-graves disease
Allergy and atopy might have evolved in human population that have had a sudden decrease in _______.
+exposure to helminth infection
-intake of processed sugar
-exposure to vitamin D
-vaccinations
Molecular mimicry is when ____ on host cells resemble ____ on pathogens causing the host to mount an immune response to host tissue
-antibodies
+antigens
-immunoglobulins
Includes anaphylaxis a systemic fatal reaction with airway obstruction and res collapse
+type I
-type II
-type III
-type IV
Involves complement assisted lysis of cells coated with antibodies which often results in autoimmune reaction
-type I
+type II
-type III
-type IV
Immune complexes form and become lodged in various basement membranes
-type I
-type II
+type III
-type IV
T-cells mediated delayed hypersensitivity reaction including contact dermatitis and graft rejection reaction
-type I
-type II
-type III
+type IV
Which statement is true of autoimmune
-it refers to automatic immunity
-it involves misshapen antibodies
-it has an acute course and then usually resolves itself
+it often manifest as type I,II,II, and IV hypersensitivities
Server combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to ______.
-congenitwl absence or immaturity of the thymus gland
+a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells
-delayed hypersensitivity
-autoantibodies
-faliure of B cells development and maturity
A secondary acquired immunodeficiency is ________.
-SCID
-agammaglobulinemia
+AIDS
-adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
-DiGeroge syndrome
A 12 year old girl received a pair of earrings for her birthday the second time she wore them her earlobes became red itchy and inflamed with blisters appearing within 48 hours what type of hypersensitivity is causing the discomfort
-type I
-type II
-type III
+type IV
Which of the following is not a phenotypic method odf identification
-acid fast reaction
+antibody response
-endospoer
-gram stain reaction
-morphology
Biochemical test include all of the following except
-sugar fermentation
-presence od calasse
-gas production
-presence of oxidase
+colony morphology
Specimen collection
-is always done by a medical professional
-must be done under strile conditions
+must utilize aseptic techniques
-does not require special handling
Each of the following are appropriate specimens for bacterial culture except
-skin
-spinal fluid
-throat
-salivia
+hair
Which sample is not typecially collected by sterile needle aspiration
-blood
+urine
-cerebrospinal fluid
-tissue fluids
Which test is especially good for bacteria that are not readily cultivated in the lab
-gram stain
-phage test
+direct fluorescence antibody (DFA) testing
-direct antigen testing
-dichotomous key
Which of the following is involved in the in vitro diagnostic testing of serum
-virology
-mycolohy
+serology
-histology
-hematology
The property of test to detect even small amounts of antibodies or antigen that are test target is
-cross reaction
-aggulation
-precipitation
-specificity
+sensitivity
Titer is the amount of
-antigen in serum
-WBC in serum
-complement in serum
+antibody in serum
-memory cell in serum
Syphilis can be diagnosed most easily by
+direct fluorescent
-ELISA
-aggulation
-immunochromatography
-the weil-felid reaction
Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody positive in the screening ELISA test for HIV
-radioimmunoassay (RIA)
-weil Felix
+western blot
-immunochromatography
-immunelectrophoresis
The primary advantage of genotype methods of identification is
-they are easier than any other method
-they are less expensive than other methods
-they are widely avallible
+culturing of the organism is not require
In vivo testing is useful for diagnosing
-whooping cough
-HIV
+tuberculosis
-heoatitis a
-rubella virus
When minute samples of DNA need to be genetically analyzed for identification purpose which test can be effectively used
+PCR
-direct antigen reaction
-direct fluorescent antibody
-immunoflurescene
-weil Felix reaction
Microorganisms can be identified from a patient sample using biochemical tests based on the premise that
-organisms display specific antigen that can be bound by color changing antibodies that allow the clinician to locate and identify the pathogen
+organisms have a unique combination of metabolic enzymes that are displayed when color-changing dyes are utilized to demonstrate their physiological response to specific substrate
-bacteriophages infect certain bacterial cells and the specificity can be used to identify the organism
-organisms will not grow on certain media types and can be selected for on others
An outbreak of hepatitis A originationg in a popular chain of restaurant serving fresh produce necessitated the rapid analysis of the viral genome in order to trace its source. The genome was scanned and analyzed multiple times to reduce errors. This is an example of __________
-FISH
+whole genome sequencing
-microarrays
-hybridization
Choose the pharse that best described how most enzymatic reactions are observed in the biochemical testing of microbial specimens
+usually visualized by a color change
-usually visualized by increased growth rate of agent
-usually visualized by autofluorescence
-usually visualized by a breakdown of the media
Choose the phrase that best described the indirect ELISA technique
-Detects the presence of antibody using a complement indicator system
-detects the prescience of antigen in a sample using known antibody absorbed onto the wall
-detects the presence of antibody using a radioactive isotope labeled antigen
+detects the presence of antibody in a sample using a known antigen absorbed onto the wall
An antibody testing requires _________.
+a known antigen
-a known antibody
-both a known antigen and a known antibody
-either a known antigen or a known antibody
Choose the statement that best described the PCR’s
Usefulness in infectious disease diagnosis
-uses fluorescent antibody labeling
-results in increased RNA production
+results in amplification of sample DNA
-results in amplification of translation
-uses labels complementary DNA probes
Blisters ______.
-are confirmed tot he epidermis
-originate in the dermis
-originate in the subcutaneous layer
+results from a operation of epidermis from dermis
What material in skin cells provides protection from abrasions water damage and microorganism entry
-debrum
-lysozyme
-salt
-sweat
+keratin
Which group of microorganism do not usally call the skin home
+escherichia
-corynebacterium
-propionibacterium
-yeast
What enzymes is not found in Staphylococcus epidermidis
But found in staphylococcus aureus
-perioxidase
-catalase
-lipase
+coagulase
-lysozyme
The enzyme that coagulates plasma is ____.
+coagulase
-catalase
-hyaluronidase
-kinase
-staphylokinase
All staphylococci can be differentiated from all staphyloococci because only staphylococci produce the enzyme ______ that is easily detected in the lab
-staphylokinase
-exfoliative a
-exofoliative n
+catalase
-lactase
Impetigo is caused by
-propionibacteria acnes
-corynebacterium diphtheria
-staphylococcus aures
-streptococcus pyogenes
-both staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus progenies
Streptococcus pyogenes causes all of the following except
-imoetigo
-scarlet fever
-necrotizing fasciitis
+scalded skin syndrome
Oral lesions called kopecks sporse are seen in patients with
+measles
-mumps
-infuenza
-rubella
-croup
Measles is described as a ______skin lesion
+maculopapular
-bulla
-papule
-macule
-purpura
Chickenpox ________.
-is transmitted by droplet contact
-lesion distribution is centripetal
-has an incubation of 10 to 20 days
-has a fever and vesicular rash that occurs in successive crops
-all the choices are correct
All of the following pertain to measles (rubeola) except _________.
it involves a fatal complication called subcacute sclerosis panencephalitis (SSPE)
-secondary bacterial Ottis media and sinusitis can occur
-humans are the only resivor for the pathogen
+it is transmitted by direct contact with the rash
-dry cough sore throat fever and conductive are symptoms
Measles is also known as ________.
-rubella
-fifth disease
-shingles
+rubeola
-varicella
The febrile disease with a rash has a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause serious fatal damage
-croup
-mumps
-infulenza
-measels (rubeola
+rubella
Which form of antrhrax involves a black eschar on the skin
-pulmonary
-gastrointestinal
+cutaneous
-all choices
-none
Which of the following is mismatched
+tinea wapitis-ringworm of the beard
-tinea unguium- ringworm of the nails
-tinea corpora’s- ringworm in the body
-tinea pedis- ringworm in the foot
-tinea cruis- ringworm of the groin
Which of the following is the causative agent of the tinea versicolor
+malassezia
-trichophyton
-microsporum
-epidermophyton
Wh9ch of the following provides the eye with its best defense against microorganism
-eyelids
-eyelashes
+tears
-lymphocytes
-conjunctivia
Which of the following is not true of bacterial conjunctivitis
-can be caused by s.aures H.infulenzea or n.gonerrhoeae
-can be caused by s.pyogens s.pneumoniae
+has a clear discharged
-treatment is with bad spectrum topical antibiotic
-transimtted through both direct and indirect contact
The smallpox vaccine uses the _______virus
-smallpix
-herpes simplex
+vaccina
herpes virus 6
cerebrospinal fluid is found in the ________.
-pia matter
-dura matter
+subarachnoid space
-arachnoid mater
Which type of neuroglia has phagocytic capabilities in the CNS
-schwann cells
-macrophages
-neurons
+microglial cells
-astrocytes
What brain defense restricts substances from entering the brain by the vascular system
-microglia
-cranium
-macrophages
-meninges
+blood brain barrier
The normal biota of the CNS consist of ________.
-neisseria meningitidis
-herpes simplex 1
-hepres simplex 2
-streptococcus agalactiae
+the CNS has no normal boots
Which of the following is a sign of meningitis
-headache
-stiff neck
-white blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid
-fever
-all choices correct
Meningococci initially colonize the _______.
-lacrimal ducts
-oral mucosa
+nasopharynx
-Eustachian tube
Neisseria meningitides is transmitted by ________.
-intimate contact
-casual contact
-inderect contact
+close contact
-fomites
The virulence of haemophilus influence serotonintype b is associate wit this __________.
-fimbriae
-neurotoxin
-entertoxin
+capsule
Which organism is common cause of meningitis in AIDS paitent and can be found in bird droppings
-neisseria meningitis
-strptococcus agalactiae
-listeria monocytogenes
+cryptococcus neoformans
-haemophilus infulenza
Cryptococcus neoformans is a
-bacteria
+fungi
-virus
-prion
-helminth
Agriculture workers and field archaeologist are exposed to this organism which although entering via the respiratory tract can cause meningitis
-cryptococcus neoformans
+coccidioides immitis
-neisseria meningitis
-streptococcus pneumonia
-haemophilus influenzia
Although many viruses can cause meningitis the most common viral cause is _________.
-cytomegalovirus
-arbovirus
+enterovirus
-measles
-arenavirus
Neonatal meningitis is most commonly transmitted by ________.
-exposure from other infants
-hospital personnel
+exposure in birth canal
-breast feeding
-transplacental infection
The organism responsible for the majority of neonatal meningitis is ______.
-listeria mobocytogens
+streptococcus agalactiae
-escherichia coli k1
-neisseria meningtids
Encephalitis is most commonly caused by a
-bacteria
-protozoan
+virus
-helminth
Which organism is the definitive host for toxoplasma gondii
-mosquito
-raccon
-dog
-mause
+cat
Spongiform encephalopathies are
-associated with abnormal transissible protein in the brain
-chronic fatal infections of the nervous system
-caused by prion
-creutzfeldt-jacob disease kuru and gerstmann-straussler-scheinker syndrome
-all choices correct
Which is incorrect about rabies
+average incubation in human is 1 week
-wild population of bats raccoons cats and canines are primary reservoirs
-transimmision can involve bite scratches and inhalation
-symptoms include anxiety agitation and muscle spasms convulsions and paralysis
Polio virus initially multiples in the
-liver
-cns
+oropharynx and intestine
-nasal mucosa
Production of a neurotoxin that binds to a target sites on spinal cord neurons responsible for inhibiting skeletal muscle contraction is a characteristic of
-clostridium botulinum
-clostridium perfringens
-clostridium difficile
+clostridium tentani