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World History and Geography Final Examination Review

World History and Geography Final Examination Review

Vasco da Gama's Achievement

  • Vasco da Gama succeeded in gaining a sea route to India for Portugal, opening up trade and establishing Portugal as a major maritime power.

Columbian Exchange's Devastating Effect

  • The spread of diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, had the most devastating effect on Native Americans during the Columbian Exchange, leading to massive population decline.

Triangular Trade

  • The triangular trade involved Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Europe provided manufactured goods, Africa provided enslaved people, and the Americas provided raw materials.

Napoleonic Code

  • Napoleon’s most lasting contribution, the Napoleonic Code, outlawed privilege based on birth, promoting equality before the law.

Otto von Bismarck and Realpolitik

  • Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman, used "Realpolitik" (a political philosophy focused on practical considerations rather than ideology) to unite the German states into one nation.

Urbanization

  • Urbanization is the growth of cities.

Margaret Thatcher's Legacy

  • Margaret Thatcher is known for her promotion of world trade and asserting the military power of Great Britain.

Gandhi's Strategy

  • Gandhi used nonviolent civil disobedience to shame England and promote self-rule for India.

Winston Churchill's Quote

  • Winston Churchill is describing the Iron Curtain dividing Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe from the West.

Korean and Vietnam Wars

  • A major difference between the results of the Korean and Vietnam Wars is that Korea remained divided while Vietnam was unified under communist rule.

The Restoration

  • The reign of Charles II in England is known as the Restoration because the monarchy was restored after the period of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell.

Spanish Inquisition

  • The enforcement of Catholic doctrine in Spain was known as the Spanish Inquisition.

The Scientific Method

  • The Scientific Method that developed during the Scientific Revolution was based on using observation and experimentation.

Simon Bolivar's Class

  • Simon Bolivar belonged to the Creole class, which led revolutions across Latin America.

Monroe Doctrine's Effect

  • The Monroe Doctrine declared that the Western Hemisphere was closed to further European colonization.

Country Napoleon Never Occupied

  • Russia was the superpower country that was never occupied by Napoleon.

Otto von Bismarck and Realpolitik (Repeated Question)

  • Otto von Bismarck used "Realpolitik" to unite the German states into one nation.

Urbanization (Repeated Question)

  • Urbanization is the growth of cities.

Balkan Peninsula

  • The Balkan Peninsula was nicknamed the “Powder Keg” of Europe during World War I.

League of Nations and the Mandate System

  • The League of Nations created the Mandate System to administer former colonies of the defeated Central Powers after World War I.

Benito Mussolini

  • Benito Mussolini was the dictator who took power in Italy in the 1930s and established a fascist regime.

Imperialism's Contribution to WWI

  • Imperialism contributed to causing World War I by increasing competition and tensions between European powers for colonies and resources.

Cause of the Worldwide Depression

  • A cause of the worldwide depression in the 1930s was the stock market crash of 1929.

Hitler-Stalin Non-Aggression Pact

  • Adolf Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Joseph Stalin in 1939 to avoid a two-front war when invading Poland.

Hirohito and Hideki Tojo

  • Hideki Tojo was the Prime Minister of Japan and effectively controlled the country, while Hirohito was the Emperor.

Trade Route in 1500

  • The trade route on the map is the Silk Road.

Pol Pot's Genocide

  • Pol Pot executed over a million artists, intellectuals, and political enemies in Cambodia in the 1970s.

Korean and Vietnam Wars (Repeated Question)

  • A major difference between the results of the Korean and Vietnam Wars is that Korea remained divided while Vietnam was unified under communist rule.

Expansion of Nuclear Weapons

  • The expansion of nuclear weapons among nations in the mid-1900s resulted in a balance of power known as mutually assured destruction (MAD).

Margaret Thatcher's Legacy (Repeated Question)

  • Margaret Thatcher is known for her promotion of world trade and asserting the military power of Great Britain.

Gandhi's Strategy (Repeated Question)

  • Gandhi used nonviolent civil disobedience to shame England and promote self-rule for India.

Nelson Mandela's Imprisonment

  • Nelson Mandela was imprisoned in South Africa for 27 years for his activism against apartheid.

Islam's 5 Pillars

  • Islam believes in the 5 Pillars as basic acts for all believers.

Buddhism's 8-Fold Path

  • According to Buddhism, the 8-Fold Path is the way to reach enlightenment.