Quarter Three Vocabulary List
American Federation of Labor
union founded by Samuel Gompers advocating for “bread and butter” issues like higher wages and shorter hours
Gospel of Wealth
Andrew Carnegie's essay stating wealthy individuals should use their money to benefit society t
Homestead Strike
Violent dispute between Carnegie Steel workers and management that weakened the power of unions
Jacob Riis
Progressive Era photographer who documented poor living conditions in tenements.
Tammany Hall
NYC political organization known for corruption and providing services to immigrant communities in exchange for votes
Upton Sinclair
wrote "The Jungle" which exposed unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry
Yellow Journalism
Sensationalized newspaper reporting style that emphasized drama over facts to increase sales.
Open Door Policy
U.S. foreign policy promoting equal trading rights in China
Pendleton Act
Law that replaced patronage with merit-based hiring for government jobs.
Platt Amendment
legislation giving US significant control over Cuban affairs
Populist Party: 1890s political movement that advocated for farmers' interests
Jane Addams: social reformer founded Hull House which provided education and support for poor immigrants.
Alice Paul: A women's rights activist who led militant suffrage protests
Northern Securities Company: railroad monopoly that was successfully broken up by President Theodore Roosevelt
Hetch Hetchy: site of a controversial dam near San Francisco that sparked early environmental conservation debates.
Hepburn Act: strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission's power to regulate railroads.
Palmer Raids: Government raids targeting suspected radicals and immigrants during the First Red Scare (1919-1920).
Roosevelt Corollary: An addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting U.S. police power in Latin American affairs.
Fourteen Points: President Wilson's idealistic peace plan after World War I that attempted to prevent future wars
Treaty of Versailles: The 1919 peace agreement ending World War I, which placed harsh penalties on Germany.
Zimmerman Telegram: A secret German message to Mexico proposing alliance against the US
Langston Hughes: African American poet during the Harlem Renaissance movement in the 1920s.
National Origins Act: 1924 law establishing immigration quotas, severely limiting immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe.
Bonus Army: World War I veterans who marched to Washington D.C. during the Great Depression demanding early payment of promised bonuses
Hoovervilles: Makeshift shanty towns built by homeless Americans during the Great Depression, named after President Hoover.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation: agency created by Hoover in 1932 to provide loans to banks and businesses in a failed attempt to spark the economy
Frances Perkins: First female cabinet member, served as Secretary of Labor under FDR (1933-1945) and developed the Social Security program
Huey Long: Louisiana senator that criticized the New Deal for not doing enough to help the poor during the Great Depression
Atlantic Charter: 1941 agreement between Roosevelt and Churchill establishing Allied goals for post-World War II world.
Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928 international agreement renouncing war as an instrument of national policy.
Lend-Lease Act (1941)
program allowing the US to supply military aid to Allied nations during World War II without direct involvement in the conflict.
Good Neighbor Policy
President Franklin D. Roosevelt reversed previous US policies by pledging non-intervention in Latin American affairs.
Korematsu v. United States (1944)
Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of Japanese American internment during World War II, later widely tcondemned.