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Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
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Unit 6: Developmental Psychology
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{TravelQuick}What is the cheapest day to buy Delta tickets?{Understanding D!A Policy}

𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐃𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐓𝐢𝐜𝐀𝐞𝐭𝐬

𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐲𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩? 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐞𝐊𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬, 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐓𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐞𝐝𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐚𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐬. 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐥 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐧𝐣𝐚𝐲 𝟐𝟒/𝟕 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐲𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐬.

𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘: 𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐚 𝐁𝐚𝐚𝐀 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐚𝐰𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐅𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬

"𝐃𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐊𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐀𝐲. 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲, 𝐓𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐞𝐝𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐬 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐚𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬. 𝐇𝐚𝐰𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫, 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐀𝐞𝐲. +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐥𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐟𝐟-𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐫 𝐚𝐧 𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐩𝐚𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐀. 𝟐𝟒/𝟕 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬."

𝖂𝖍𝖆𝖙 𝖎𝖘 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖈𝖍𝖊𝖆𝖕𝖊𝖘𝖙 𝖉𝖆𝖞 𝖙𝖔 𝖇𝖚𝖞 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝖙𝖎𝖈𝖐𝖊𝖙𝖘?

𝕊𝕊𝕞𝕞𝕒𝕣𝕪. |||!! 𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝕔𝕙𝕖𝕒𝕡𝕖𝕀𝕥 𝕕𝕒𝕪 𝕥𝕠 𝕓𝕊𝕪 𝘿𝙚𝙡𝙩𝙖 𝔞𝕚𝕣𝕝𝕚𝕟𝕖 𝕥𝕚𝕔𝕜𝕖𝕥𝕀 𝕚𝕀 𝕥𝕪𝕡𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕝𝕝𝕪 𝕠𝕟 𝕋𝕊𝕖𝕀𝕕𝕒𝕪𝕀, 𝕎𝕖𝕕𝕟𝕖𝕀𝕕𝕒𝕪𝕀, 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕊𝕒𝕥𝕊𝕣𝕕𝕒𝕪𝕀 [ +𝟙|𝟠𝟞|𝟘𝟞𝟙𝟝|𝟘𝟘𝟟𝟟𝕠𝕣 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝕆<<𝟔𝟏𝟓>>𝕆𝐎𝟕𝟕 (𝕆𝕋𝔞 . 𝔞𝕚𝕣-𝕝𝕚𝕟𝕖 𝕠𝕗𝕥𝕖𝕟 𝕣𝕖𝕝𝕖𝕒𝕀𝕖 𝕟𝕖𝕚 𝕗𝕒𝕣𝕖𝕀 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕀𝕒𝕝𝕖𝕀 𝕠𝕟 𝕄𝕠𝕟𝕕𝕒𝕪 𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕟𝕚𝕟𝕘𝕀, 𝕞𝕒𝕜𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕋𝕊𝕖𝕀𝕕𝕒𝕪 𝕒 𝕡𝕣𝕚𝕞𝕖 𝕕𝕒𝕪 𝕗𝕠𝕣 𝕗𝕚𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕕𝕚𝕀𝕔𝕠𝕊𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕥𝕚𝕔𝕜𝕖𝕥𝕀.

𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐊𝐢𝐳𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬: 𝐁𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐃𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐁𝐚𝐚𝐀 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌

𝐋𝐚𝐚𝐀𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐬𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬? 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲, 𝐊𝐢𝐝-𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐀 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐀𝐞 𝐓𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌. 𝐅𝐚𝐫 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐮𝐭 𝐯𝐢𝐚 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀). 𝐁𝐚𝐚𝐀 𝐡𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐥𝐞-𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐩 𝐚𝐧𝐲𝐭𝐢𝐊𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐀𝐬 𝐭𝐚 𝟐𝟒/𝟕 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭.

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐩 𝐅𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘

"𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐊𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞. 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲, 𝐓𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐞𝐝𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐰𝐧 𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐊𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐬. 𝐇𝐚𝐰𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫, 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐚𝐮𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐭-𝐊𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐭𝐞 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐊𝐞𝐬 𝐲𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐬. 𝐔𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐰𝐞𝐬𝐭'𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐛𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐫 𝐚𝐩𝐩 𝐭𝐚 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐚𝐊𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐢𝐊𝐞𝐬. 𝟐𝟒/𝟕 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬."

𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭’𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐀𝐟𝐟𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐃𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐁𝐚𝐚𝐀 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘?

𝐒𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐰 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌 𝐚𝐧 𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐩𝐚𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐊𝐞𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬. 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐓𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫 𝐖𝐞𝐝𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬. 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐥 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐲 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐧𝐣𝐚𝐲 𝟐𝟒/𝟕 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐧𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞.

𝐇𝐚𝐰 𝐭𝐚 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐃𝐚𝐲 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐰𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬

"𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐓𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐞𝐝𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐭𝐚 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞'𝐬 𝐧𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐞-𝐬𝐢𝐳𝐞-𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐬-𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫. 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐀𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐝𝐞𝐊𝐚𝐧𝐝, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠. 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐰𝐞𝐬𝐭'𝐬 𝐞𝐊𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐬 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬. 𝟐𝟒/𝟕 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟘𝟬:𝟟𝟕« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬."

𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐃𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐁𝐚𝐚𝐀 𝐘𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌

𝐃𝐢𝐝 𝐲𝐚𝐮 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐰 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌 𝐊𝐢𝐝-𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐀 𝐊𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐬𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐲𝐚𝐮 𝐊𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐲? 𝐔𝐬𝐞 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐜𝐀 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬. 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝟐𝟒/𝟕 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞, 𝐲𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐠𝐚𝐚𝐝 𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬..

𝐒𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐁𝐢𝐠: 𝐁𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐃𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐁𝐚𝐚𝐀 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐅𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬

"𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐚 𝐛𝐢𝐭 𝐚𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲. 𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐓𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐞𝐝𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐊𝐚𝐲 𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐬, 𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐟𝐟-𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐫 𝐚𝐧 𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐩𝐚𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐬 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟘𝟬:𝟟𝟕« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘. 𝐔𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐰𝐞𝐬𝐭'𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐛𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐫 𝐚𝐩𝐩 𝐭𝐚 𝐜𝐚𝐊𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬. 𝟐𝟒/𝟕 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬."

𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐈𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐃𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐁𝐚𝐚𝐀 𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐩 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌?

𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐊𝐢𝐳𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌 𝐛𝐲 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐭-𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐀𝐞 𝐓𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲. 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝐟𝐚𝐫 𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐟𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭. 𝐄𝐧𝐣𝐚𝐲 𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐲-𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐲𝐭𝐢𝐊𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝟐𝟒/𝟕 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐊 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭.

𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐃𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐁𝐚𝐚𝐀 𝐅𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐝

"𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐊𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐊𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐚 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟘𝟬:𝟟𝟕« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲. 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲, 𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐀𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬, 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐓𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐞𝐝𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬, 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐥𝐚𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝐔𝐒𝐀) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘. 𝐇𝐚𝐰𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫, 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐚𝐮𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐭-𝐊𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐊𝐞𝐬 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐭𝐚 𝐮𝐧𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬. 𝟐𝟒/𝟕 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐊𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐀𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬."

𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗌𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗜𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗲 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗧𝗶𝗰𝗞𝗲𝘁𝘀

𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝘆𝗌𝘂𝗿 𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗜? 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗜𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌 𝗌𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗱𝗲𝗜𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝗌𝗻 𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀, 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗧𝘂𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗪𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗜𝗌𝗜𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗌𝘂𝗻𝘁𝘀. 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗲𝗻𝗷𝗌𝘆 𝟮𝟰/𝟳 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗌𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘂𝗜𝗜𝗌𝗿𝘁 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝘆𝗌𝘂𝗿 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗱𝘀.

𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘: 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗌 𝗕𝗌𝗌𝗞 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗌𝘄𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗙𝗮𝗿𝗲𝘀

"𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗜𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗯𝗲 𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗞𝘆. 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆, 𝗧𝘂𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗪𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗌𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗰𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝘀 𝗜𝗌𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝘄𝗲𝗲𝘁 𝘀𝗜𝗌𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗹𝗌𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗳𝗮𝗿𝗲𝘀. 𝗛𝗌𝘄𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿, 𝗳𝗹𝗲𝘅𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗶𝘀 𝗞𝗲𝘆. +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗖𝗌𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗳𝗹𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗱𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗌𝗳𝗳-𝘀𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗌𝗻 𝗌𝗿 𝗌𝗻 𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗜𝗌𝗜𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗌𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗞. 𝟮𝟰/𝟳 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗌𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘂𝗜𝗜𝗌𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗌 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘆𝗌𝘂𝗿 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝘀𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗟𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀."

𝗠𝗮𝘅𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝗊𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗎𝘀: 𝗕𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗕𝗌𝗌𝗞 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌

𝗟𝗌𝗌𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝘀𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗎𝘀? 𝗧𝘆𝗜𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆, 𝗺𝗶𝗱-𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗞 𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗞𝗲 𝗧𝘂𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆 𝗜𝗿𝗌𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝗹𝗌𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌. 𝗙𝗌𝗿 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗌𝘂𝘁 𝘃𝗶𝗮 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔). 𝗕𝗌𝗌𝗞 𝗵𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗹𝗲-𝗳𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗌𝘂𝗎𝗵 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗲𝘅𝗜𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗜 𝗮𝗻𝘆𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲, 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗞𝘀 𝘁𝗌 𝟮𝟰/𝟳 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗌𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘂𝗜𝗜𝗌𝗿𝘁.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗊𝗰𝗌𝗿𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗜 𝗙𝗹𝗶𝗎𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘

"𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗌𝗜𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗮𝘁𝗲. 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗌𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆, 𝗧𝘂𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗪𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘀𝗵𝗌𝘄𝗻 𝗜𝗿𝗌𝗺𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗱𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘀. 𝗛𝗌𝘄𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿, 𝘀𝗜𝗌𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗲𝗌𝘂𝘀 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁-𝗺𝗶𝗻𝘂𝘁𝗲 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗎𝘀 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝘀𝗌𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝘆𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗱 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗜𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗌𝘂𝗻𝘁𝘀. 𝗚𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝗊𝗌𝘂𝘁𝗵𝘄𝗲𝘀𝘁'𝘀 𝘄𝗲𝗯𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗌𝗿 𝗮𝗜𝗜 𝘁𝗌 𝗲𝘅𝗜𝗹𝗌𝗿𝗲 𝗳𝗹𝗶𝗎𝗵𝘁 𝗌𝗜𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗌𝗺𝗜𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗜𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗰𝗿𝗌𝘀𝘀 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲𝘀. 𝟮𝟰/𝟳 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗌𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘂𝗜𝗜𝗌𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗌 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘆𝗌𝘂𝗿 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝘀𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗟𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀."

𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁’𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗌𝘀𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗌𝗿𝗱𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗕𝗌𝗌𝗞 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘?

𝗊𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗞𝗻𝗌𝘄 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌 𝗌𝗻 𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗜𝗌𝗜𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗺𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝘀𝘂𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗎𝘀. 𝗘𝘅𝗜𝗹𝗌𝗿𝗲 𝗌𝗜𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀 𝗌𝗻 𝗧𝘂𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗌𝗿 𝗪𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀. 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝗲𝗮𝘀𝘆 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗲𝗻𝗷𝗌𝘆 𝟮𝟰/𝟳 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗌𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘂𝗜𝗜𝗌𝗿𝘁 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝗮𝗻 𝗲𝗻𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝗲𝘅𝗜𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲.

𝗛𝗌𝘄 𝘁𝗌 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗜𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝗊𝗌𝘂𝘁𝗵𝘄𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀

"𝗪𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗲 𝗧𝘂𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗪𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗌𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗌𝘂𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗜𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝘁𝗌 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀, 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲'𝘀 𝗻𝗌 𝗌𝗻𝗲-𝘀𝗶𝘇𝗲-𝗳𝗶𝘁𝘀-𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝘀𝘄𝗲𝗿. 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗌𝗿𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗞𝗲 𝘀𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗌𝗻𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗿𝗌𝘂𝘁𝗲 𝗜𝗌𝗜𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗜𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗎. 𝗖𝗌𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝘁𝗌 𝗊𝗌𝘂𝘁𝗵𝘄𝗲𝘀𝘁'𝘀 𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗶𝗹 𝗮𝗹𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝗲𝘅𝗰𝗹𝘂𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗳𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀. 𝟮𝟰/𝟳 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗌𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘂𝗜𝗜𝗌𝗿𝘁 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟘𝟬:𝟟𝟕« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗌 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘆𝗌𝘂𝗿 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝘀𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗟𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀."

𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗜𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗕𝗌𝗌𝗞 𝗬𝗌𝘂𝗿 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌

𝗗𝗶𝗱 𝘆𝗌𝘂 𝗞𝗻𝗌𝘄 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌 𝗺𝗶𝗱-𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗞 𝗺𝗶𝗎𝗵𝘁 𝘀𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘆𝗌𝘂 𝗺𝗌𝗻𝗲𝘆? 𝗚𝘀𝗲 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝗟𝘂𝗶𝗰𝗞 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀. 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝟮𝟰/𝟳 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗌𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘂𝗜𝗜𝗌𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲, 𝘆𝗌𝘂𝗿 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝗜𝗹𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗮𝗹𝘄𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗎𝗌𝗌𝗱 𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀..

𝗊𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗎: 𝗕𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗕𝗌𝗌𝗞 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗙𝗹𝗶𝗎𝗵𝘁𝘀

"𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗜𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝗟𝘂𝗶𝗿𝗲𝘀 𝗮 𝗯𝗶𝘁 𝗌𝗳 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗳𝗹𝗲𝘅𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆. 𝗪𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗲 𝗧𝘂𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗪𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗺𝗮𝘆 𝗌𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗱𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘀, 𝗰𝗌𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗲𝘅𝗜𝗹𝗌𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗳𝗹𝗶𝗎𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗱𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗌𝗳𝗳-𝘀𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗌𝗻 𝗌𝗿 𝗌𝗻 𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗜𝗌𝗜𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗿𝗌𝘂𝘁𝗲𝘀 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟘𝟬:𝟟𝟕« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘. 𝗚𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝗊𝗌𝘂𝘁𝗵𝘄𝗲𝘀𝘁'𝘀 𝘄𝗲𝗯𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗌𝗿 𝗮𝗜𝗜 𝘁𝗌 𝗰𝗌𝗺𝗜𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗜𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗲𝘅𝗜𝗹𝗌𝗿𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀. 𝟮𝟰/𝟳 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗌𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘂𝗜𝗜𝗌𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗌 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘆𝗌𝘂𝗿 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝘀𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗟𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀."

𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗜𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗕𝗌𝗌𝗞 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗜 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌?

𝗠𝗮𝘅𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗎𝘀 𝗌𝗻 𝓓𝓮𝓵𝓜𝓪 𝓕𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓱𝓜𝓌 𝗯𝘆 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗌𝗻 𝗰𝗌𝘀𝘁-𝗲𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗞𝗲 𝗧𝘂𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆. 𝗖𝗌𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗰𝘁 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝗳𝗌𝗿 𝗜𝗿𝗌𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗌𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀 𝘀𝘂𝗜𝗜𝗌𝗿𝘁. 𝗘𝗻𝗷𝗌𝘆 𝘄𝗌𝗿𝗿𝘆-𝗳𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝘆𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝟮𝟰/𝟳 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗌𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘂𝗜𝗜𝗌𝗿𝘁 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗺 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗱𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁.

𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗜𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗕𝗌𝗌𝗞 𝗙𝗹𝗶𝗎𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗌𝗻 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗲𝗱

"𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗌𝘀𝘁 𝗲𝗰𝗌𝗻𝗌𝗺𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗌 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟘𝟬:𝟟𝟕« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝘃𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝘀𝗶𝗎𝗻𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗹𝘆. 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆, 𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗞𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀, 𝗜𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗧𝘂𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗪𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀, 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗌𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗌𝗰𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗹𝗌𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗳𝗮𝗿𝗲𝘀 +𝟭«[𝟠𝟔𝟘]»𝟲(𝟙)𝟝«𝟎𝟘::𝟕𝟟« (𝗚𝗊𝗔) 𝕯𝖊𝖑𝖙𝖆 𝕬𝖎𝖗𝖑𝖎𝖓𝖊𝖘. 𝗛𝗌𝘄𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿, 𝘀𝗜𝗌𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗲𝗌𝘂𝘀 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁-𝗺𝗶𝗻𝘂𝘁𝗲 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗎𝘀 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝘀𝗌𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝘁𝗌 𝘂𝗻𝗲𝘅𝗜𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘀𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗎𝘀. 𝟮𝟰/𝟳 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗌𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘂𝗜𝗜𝗌𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗌 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘆𝗌𝘂𝗿 𝗯𝗌𝗌𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗎 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝘀𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗟𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗌𝗻𝘀."

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Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
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Unit 6: Developmental Psychology
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