Non-Glucose Alternatives

Protein Catabolism

• Provides energy, nitrogen, and sulfur

  • Enzymes called proteases break apart proteins into amino acids

  • Delamination: removal of amino group

  • Carbon backbone to go into the Krebs Cycle

Lipid Catabolism

• Produces substrates, activated carriers and ATP

  • Enzymes called lipases detach glycerol from fatty acids

  • Glycerol is converted to DHAP, which can be used as a substrate for glycolysis

  • Fatty acids catabolized and joined with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA to enter Krebs Cycle

  • Fatty acid oxidation also creates NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain.