Neuroscience perceptual disorders

Visual agnosia	Inability to recognize visual objects
Prosopagnosia	inability to recognize faces
Simultanagnosia	inability to perceive more than one visual object at a time
Metamorphopsia	Distorted vision
Color agnosia	Inability to recognize color
Color anomia	Inability to name colors

Visual-Spatial Perception

R-L discrimination	Distinguishing between left and right
Figure-ground discrimination	the ability to distinguish an object from its surrounding background in a visual scene (can’t tell which object is closer to you)
Form-constancy discrimination	inability to understand changes in form
Position in space dysfunction	difficulty perceiving or understanding the spatial orientation of objects or one's own body in space
Topographical disorientation	not being able to visual a map
Depth Perception dysfunction	determining how close or far objects are

Tactile Perception

Tactile agnosia	Inability to recognize objects by touch
Astereognosis	inability to recognize objects by touch
Ahylognosia	inability to identify materials by touch
2 point discrimination	inability to sense when 2 points are touching you
Agraphesthesia	inability recognize letters or numbers drawn on the skin
Double simultaneous extinction	inability to feel 2 points of contact on opposite sides of body
Abarognosis	Inability to determine the weight of something
Atopognesia	inability to identify location of touch

Body-Schema-Perceptual Disorder

Finger Agnosia	not able to identify which finger is being touched
Unilateral neglect	a lack of awareness or attention to stimuli on one side of the body or space
Anosognosia	unaware of their own deficits or disabilities
Extinction of simultaneous stimulation	fail to detect a stimulus on one side of the body when presented simultaneously with another stimulus on the opposite side

Language Perception

Receptive Aphasia	someone can say words and sentences, but they often don't make complete sense
Expressive Aphasia	partial loss of the ability to produce language, although comprehension generally remains intact.

Alexia/ dyslexia	Not able to read
Asymbolia	inability to understand or interpret the significance of symbols
Aprosodia	inability to properly convey or interpret emotional prosody (the variations in pitch, rhythm, and stress in speech).
Anomia	difficulty in spontaneously finding words during conversation or in naming tasks
Agrammatism	difficulty using basic grammar and syntax
Agraphia	an impairment or loss of a previous ability to write
Acalculia	the inability to process numbers and perform calculations

In what way does the brain lesion causing aphasia differ from most other perceptual disorders?

Unlike most other perceptual disorders, which mainly affect the ability to interpret sensory information (such as vision or hearing), aphasia, a language disorder caused by brain damage, specifically affects language processing and expression (understanding and producing language).

Motor Planning Perception

Ideational apraxia	Inability to know what motor plan to access
Ideomotor apraxia I	Inability to access the correct motor plan
Ideomotor apraxia II	inability to execute the motor plan
Dressing Apraxia	inability to perform the complex task of dressing
2 and 3 dimensional constructional apraxia	Inability to copy 2-dimensional (2D) drawings or 3D assemblies