AP Human Geography Unit 3!

Popular Culture: Global music styles like K-Pop, spread via social media and mass media, appealing to a wide, heterogeneous audience across different regions.
Local Culture: Amish communities in the United States maintain distinct clothing, language (Pennsylvania Dutch), and agricultural practices, resisting assimilation into mainstream society.

The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the land, including features like agricultural fields, buildings, roads, religious structures, and settlement patterns, reflecting a region's history, economic activities, and values.
Example: Vast cornfields, scattered farmhouses, small towns with a local church, and a water tower in the Midwest United States, reflecting the dominant agricultural culture and historical settlement patterns.

Hierarchical Diffusion: Spreads from larger, more influential places to smaller, less influential places (e.g., fashion trends from Paris/Milan to major cities, then to smaller urban and rural areas).
Contagious Diffusion: Spreads quickly and widely from person to person (e.g., a TikTok dance challenge).
Relocation Diffusion: Occurs when people migrate and take their cultural traits with them (e.g., Vietnamese immigrants opening restaurants or holding traditional festivals in a new country).
Stimulus Diffusion: The underlying concept spreads, but is adapted or modified by the new culture (e.g., vegetarianism in India stimulating new, localized applications).
Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion: Spreads from less significant places to more significant ones (e.g., Walmart starting in small towns and spreading to larger cities and international markets).

The origin point of an innovation or idea, from which it then spreads (e.g., Silicon Valley for technological innovations and startup culture).

Universalizing Religion: Attempts to appeal to all people, regardless of location or culture, and actively seeks converts (e.g., Christianity).
Ethnic Religion: Primarily associated with a particular ethnic group and often a specific region, not typically seeking converts (e.g., Hinduism).

Assimilation: An immigrant group completely adopts the culture of the dominant society, often losing their original cultural traits (e.g., a family abandoning their native language and customs entirely).
Acculturation: An immigrant group adopts certain cultural traits of the dominant society while still retaining significant elements of their original culture (e.g., a second-generation immigrant speaking both native and dominant languages, embracing new fashion while maintaining traditional holidays).

Place names that tell us about the history, settlement patterns, and cultural influences of a region (e.g., "New York," "St. Louis," Spanish names in the American Southwest like "San Antonio").

The blending of cultural traits and traditions (e.g., Buddhism blending with Taoism and Confucianism in China, resulting in new forms of Buddhist practice).

The development of a pidgin language into a fully formed creole language, which then becomes a native language for a new generation of speakers (e.g., Haitian Creole developing from French and West African languages).

Lingua Franca: A language used mutually by people of different native languages to facilitate communication, usually for trade or business. It is typically a pre-existing language.
Pidgin: A simplified form of speech that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups without a common language. It has a limited vocabulary and grammar and is not a native language.
Creole: Develops from a pidgin language when it becomes a native language of a new generation of speakers, acquiring a more complex grammar and vocabulary.

The belief that one's own culture or country's political system is inherently superior (e.g., believing one's country's political system is best).

Social or religious prohibitions against certain behaviors or practices within a culture (e.g., consuming pork in some cultures, marrying outside one's social caste in certain societies).