Geography: Resource manegment

What are resources?

• Resources- Materials that are needed for basic survival or improve quality of life

• Key resources- Food, water and energy- needed for human well being

• Resource management- The control and monitoring of resources so that they don’t become depleted

• Surplus- Having a higher supply than demand

• Deficit- Breeze Brewin

• Carbon footprint- The measure of the impact that human activities have on the environment.

  Demand- The amount of a resource which is needed by an area.

• Consumption- The amount of a resource that is used.

  

Food insecurity:

Food insecurity lead to famine and undernutrition

Food deficits cause famine:

• This causes death

• malnutrition, which weakens immunity and makes people more vulnerable to diseases.

• Deficiency diseases (e.g. anaemia)- can hinder the physical and cognitive development of children.

Between 2012 and 2014, 805 million people suffered from chronic undernourishment.

791 million of there’s people lived in LICs

Causes of food insecurity

• Over grazing:

  • Overgrazing by cattle and other farm animals also leaves the soil exposed.

  • Once the soil has no vegetation to hold it in place, it can be blown or washed away, so causing soil erosion.

  • Making the land infertile

• Dependency on cash crops:

  • LICs best land is used to grow cash crops (To export)

  • This leaves less suitable land to grow the local population’s food supply

  • This land quickly becomes infertile a it lacks proper nutrients for plant growth

  • Causing food shortages, and famine.

• Rising prices

  • A prices increase regular families can’t afford nutritious food

  • leading to undernutrition and poor diets if healthy foods can’t be afforded

AO1: Food demand

• In 2013, 47% of all food was imported to the UK

AO1: UK carbon footprint

Carbon footprint- The total amount of greenhouse gases (like carbon dioxide) emitted by an individual, organization, product, or event

• The further a product travels, the higher the food miles and the higher the emissions. 

• Food makes up 17% of the UK’s overall carbon footprint.

• This is made up of areas such as production agriculture which is the largest at 46%. (1 mark for data and description)

• Transport only make up 11% of carbon footprint created by food this is 35% less than production. (1 mark for data manipulation)

Food that is perishable and have a high value relative to their weight are transported by planes. As this ensures a quick transfer before it perishes, However planes generate 100 times more emissions than boats when transporting food.

Meaning that transport for food imports create lots of carbon dioxide

What are the alternatives to importing food:

• Eat seasonal produce grown in the UK

• Eating locally produced food

• Grow food at home or on an allotment

• Limit imports of food that can be grown in this country

Water demand:

• Water transfer scheme – to move water from an area of surplus to an area of deficit.

• Growing crops increase water demand for things like irrigation projects

• Kielder Water Reservoir, Northumberland is a water storage and transfer scheme:

• It is 12km long and 55m deep

• It costs £167 million to build and was completed in 1982

• It was built to meet the expected increase in water demand from increasing population and from the steel and chemical industries

• Problems with water transfer:

  Droughts due to removing water

  Environmental impact on the river. 

  Rehouse local people

  Dams block water flow and stop animals migrating

  Carbon emissions from pumping water

• water use has increased by 70% since 1985 and this is due to a number of reasons:

• Flushing the toilet uses up to 12 litres

  Technology like a dual flush toilet could reduce water because it limits it to 5L by place air bags into tank.

  Water the garden with a hose can use 1000 litres per hour. 

  Watering with a watering can will reduce because this only uses 10 litres per can

  Baths can hold 80 litres of water.

  Showers over 10 minutes use 120 litres of water

Consumer demand in the UK affects what is imported. Some non seasonal goods come from Kenya. Identify the advantages and disadvantages for Kenya.

adv:

• Jobs are created

• Better wages

• Increased taxes for facilities
  

dis:

• Less land to grow food on

• Huge amount of water needed

• Large numbers of people exposed to chemicals in pesticides

Organic produce is grown with a type of farming which does not use any chemicals such as pesticides or fertilisers.

Dairy e.g. milk, cheese and yoghurt are the best examples of organic goods.

The graph clearly fluctuates over the 9 years but overall shows an increase. 

(Basic description)

The highest amount of sales was 2007/8 at £2.1 billion

(Data)

The range of the sales was 0.5 billion pounds. 

(Data manipulation)

Use the figure to describe the contribution of food to the UK’s carbon footprint.
( 3 marks)

We just saw that the generally the further the distance the higher the emissions. 

fracking

A way of obtaining gas that is locked in rocks thousands of metres below the Earth’s surface.

How does Fracking work?

A hole is drilled deep into the rock and a mixture of sand, water and chemicals are injected into it at high pressure splitting the rock and releasing the gas.

Energy resources:
Fossil fuels

Advantages- produces a lot of energy at relatively low costs.

Disadvantages- Running out and produces greenhouse gases. 

Nuclear energy-

Advantages- Cleaner than fossil fuels and produces a consistent source of energy. 

Disadvantages- Uranium is finite so it is non renewable. 

Renewable energy-

Advantages- Clean and non-polluting types of energy.

Disadvantages- The cost of researching and creating the new technology and is not consistent. 

Compare and contrast the UK’s energy mix between 1980 and what is predicted for 2020.

Nuclear energy is similar in both at 6% in 1980 and 4% in 2020.

Oil is over 30% in both pie charts.

The biggest difference is coal going from 34% in 1980 to 12.5% in 2020.

Also renewables has increased dramatically from 2% to 12.5%. 

water use has increased by 70% since 1985 and this is due to a number of reasons:

1. Wealth of people leading to more domestic appliances, e.g dishwashers

2. People now wash daily, previous households with no indoor bathrooms may have a weekly bath

3. Demand for out of season food requires more watering in a greenhouse

4. Industrial production

5. Leisure use, e.g. watering golf courses

Increased population


        – more supply than demand often such areas receive high rainfall, but have a small population.

 

The British government has considered setting up a national grid.

Kielder water C. An example of a water transfer scheme that cost £167 million but wasn’t necessary.

Success criteria

Identify an activity in the home

Offer a solution (its normally some sort of technology)

Use the word because to say how this would reduce water usage. 

How does water pollution affect the UK

What determines the amount of food available per person in a country? 

Create a list of human or physical factors that change the amount of food available per person.

Human factors

 Population size

• Economic development

• Technology 

• Conflict

Physical factors 

• Climate

• Pests and diseases

• Water availability
  

Environmental impacts of food insecurity

Where cash crops are grown in both LICs and HICs, the increased use of pesticides and fertilisers to produce a large healthy crop can cause water pollution.

It can also increase the demand for water for irrigation and lead to water shortages.

Water shortages and pollution can also have an impact on the indigenous wildlife habitat.

social impacts of food insecurity:

Rising prices

A shortage of food can lead to an increase in prices. Rises in food prices locally can often be caused by global events, such as the poor grain harvests in Russia, Australia, and Pakistan in 2010. This led to a ban on exports of grain from Russia, so causing a reduction in the supply of grain and a rise in global prices. In LICs, the shortage of food can cause prices of basic foodstuffs such as rice and maize to rocket and become out of reach for the average family. While not suffering from famine, people are suffering from undernutrition and the diseases associated with poor diet, as they cannot afford to access nutritious food.

Conflict and social unrest

The increased competition for scarce food resources can lead to conflict in both local and international communities.

domestic markets.

• Irrigation

• Aeroponics

• Hydroponics

• The green revolution

• Biotechnology

• Appropriate technology
  
  

  

  
  
  

  

  
  

• 

ao1 about almeria:

• In the last 35 years, this area has developed the largest concentration of greenhouses in the world, covering over 26,000 hectares. 

• The scheme brings in over US$1.5 billion per year in income, as it delivers over half of Europe’s fruit and vegetables.

• The average temperature in the region is 20 °C with about 3,000 hours of sun per year, meaning that the crops can be grown in the winter without artificial heating, unlike other areas in Europe (the Netherlands), so reducing costs

Task: The exam question has asked you to explain the advantages not evaluate them. This means we don’t need a judgment only an explanation of what makes them good or bad. 

In the last 35 years, this area has developed the largest concentration of greenhouses in the world, covering over 26,000 hectares. 

This is an economic advantage as working on this scale will bring down the cost of food or increase profit. 

If you did need to evaluate you could say 

this is important in the long term as money can be invested in producing more food for future generations. 

Task: The exam question has asked you to explain the advantages not evaluate them. This means we don’t need a judgment only an explanation of what makes them good or bad. 

• The scheme brings in over US$1.5 billion per year in income, as it delivers over half of Europe’s fruit and vegetables.

• The average temperature in the region is 20 °C with about 3,000 hours of sun per year, meaning that the crops can be grown in the winter without artificial heating, unlike other areas in Europe (the Netherlands), so reducing costs

Classics list:

John coltrane

Miles davis

Bill evans

Ronnie foster

lonnie liston smith

Oscar peterson

Herbie Hancock

Quincey jones

ronnie carter