Topic 1 - neutralisation

Definition of neutralisation - the reaction of an acid and an alkali forming salt and water

AcidSalt formed
Hydrochloric acidChloride
Sulfuric acidSulfate
Nitric acidNitrate
BasesAlkalis
Sodium hydroxideSodium hydroxide
Calcium oxidePotassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Lithium oxide
Copper oxide

Alkali - a soluble base typically metal hydroxides

Base - metal oxides or metal hydroxides

Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen

Acid + alkali = salt + water

Acid + base = salt + water

Acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide

IndicatorColour in hydrochloric acidColour in waterColour in sodium hydroxide
Red litmusSameSameBlue
Blue litmusRedSameSame
Universal indicator solutionRedGreenPurple
Methyl orangeRedOrangeOrange
Screened methyl orangeDark redGreenGreen
PhenolphthaleinColourlessColourlessDark pink

Indicator - a chemical that gives a colour change in acidic, alkaline and neutral soloutions.