Topic 1 - neutralisation

Definition of neutralisation - the reaction of an acid and an alkali forming salt and water

| Acid | Salt formed |
|----|----|
| Hydrochloric acid | Chloride |
| Sulfuric acid | Sulfate |
| Nitric acid | Nitrate |

| Bases | Alkalis |
|----|----|
| Sodium hydroxide | Sodium hydroxide |
| Calcium oxide | Potassium hydroxide |
| Potassium hydroxide | |
| Lithium oxide | |
| Copper oxide | |

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Alkali - a soluble base typically metal hydroxides

Base - metal oxides or metal hydroxides

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Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen

Acid + alkali = salt + water

Acid + base = salt + water

Acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide

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| Indicator | Colour in hydrochloric acid | Colour in water | Colour in sodium hydroxide |
|----|----|----|----|
| Red litmus | Same | Same | Blue |
| Blue litmus | Red | Same | Same |
| Universal indicator solution | Red | Green | Purple |
| Methyl orange | Red | Orange | Orange |
| Screened methyl orange | Dark red | Green | Green |
| Phenolphthalein | Colourless | Colourless | Dark pink |

Indicator - a chemical that gives a colour change in acidic, alkaline and neutral soloutions.


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