unit 9

Vocabulary for AP European History Unit 9: Change and Its Impact on Everyday Life, 1648-1815

1. Primogeniture: The right of the firstborn son to inherit the family estate, which often led to younger siblings having less land and opportunities.

2. Infanticide: The act of intentionally causing the death of an infant, often linked to social and economic pressures in historical contexts.

3. Agricultural Revolution: A period of significant agricultural development characterized by innovations in farming techniques and equipment that increased food production.

4. Jethro Tull: An English agricultural pioneer known for inventing the seed drill, which allowed for more efficient planting of crops.

5. Enclosure Acts: Laws that allowed for the consolidation of small landholdings into larger farms, impacting rural agricultural practices and community structures.

6. Cottage Industry: A system of production where goods are produced at home, often involving skilled artisans and craftspeople, prevalent before industrialization.

7. "Putting Out" system: A pre-industrial method of production where merchants supplied raw materials to workers who produced finished goods at home.

8. Flying Shuttle: An invention by John Kay that allowed weavers to automatically shuttle threads back and forth across a warp thread, improving weaving efficiency.

9. Water Frame: A spinning frame powered by water that enabled the production of stronger yarn, crucial to the textile industry during the Industrial Revolution.

10. Village: A small community or group of houses in a rural area.

11. The Country House: A large house in the countryside, often associated with the leisure activities of the wealthy.

12. The Grand Tour: A trip around Europe, popular in the 17th and 18th centuries, undertaken by young men of the upper class to explore art, culture, and education.

High Culture: Refers to cultural products and activities that are associated with the elite or educated classes, often seen as sophisticated or refined, including classical music, literature, and fine arts.

Popular Culture: The set of practices, beliefs, and objects that are dominant or ubiquitous in a society at a given point in time, often associated with the lower classes or the masses, encompassing mass media, entertainment, and folk traditions.

Coffeehouse: A social establishment that originated in the Middle East and became popular in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries where people gathered to drink coffee, discuss ideas, exchange news, and socialize, often serving as centers for intellectual discourse and political conversation.

Carnival: A festive season occurring before Lent, characterized by public celebrations, parades, and masquerades, often marked by a spirit of fun and revelry; it serves as a time of social inversion where norms can be temporarily suspended.