DRRR
EXPOSURE - the elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard
HAZARD - phenomenon or human activity that may result in loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, on environmental degradation.
VULNERABILITY - the condition determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.
REDUCTION of the level of vulnerability and exposure is possible by keeping people and property as distant as possible from hazards.
Severity of exposure
> Which measures those who experience disaster first-hand which has the highest risk of developing future mental
problems;
>followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care practitioners; and
> the lowest risk are those most distant like those who have awareness of the disaster only through news.
Gender and Family
>The female gender suffers more adverse effects.
>This worsens when children are present at home.
> Marital relationships are placed under strain.
Age
Adults in the age range of 40 to 60 are more stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do.
Economic status of country
>Evidence indicates that severe mental problems resulting from disasters are more prevalent/dominant in developing countries like the Philippines.
>Furthermore, it has been observed that natural disasters tend to have more adverse effects in developing countries than do man-caused disasters in developed countries.
Factors Underlying Disasters
1 - Climate Change
2 - Environmental Degradation
3 - Globalized Economic Development
4 - Poverty and Inequity
5 - Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development
6 - Weak Governance
Climate Change
-means the alteration of the world's climate that we humans are causing such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other practices that increase the carbon footprint and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Climate Change
-the change that can be attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere, and which is in addition to natural climate varlability observed over comparable time periods
Environmental Degradation
-For Instance, deforestation of slopes often leads to an increase in landslide hazard and removal of mangroves can increase the damage caused by storm surges. This leads to increased risk from disasters, and in turn, natural hazards can further degrade the environment.
Globalized Economic Development
-It results in an Increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale. Currently increasing the exposure of assets In hazard prone areas, globalized economic development provides an opportunity to build resilience if effectively managed.
Poverty and Inequality
-The lack of access to insurance and social protection means that people in poverty are often forced to use their already limited assets to buffer disaster losses, which drives them into further poverty
Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development
-The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty. Growing concentrations of people and economic activities in many citles are seen to overlap with areas of high-risk exposure.
Weak Governance
-public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.
-Disaster risk Is disproportionately concentrated in lower-income countries with weak governance. This reflects how risk is valued against a backdrop of broader social and economic concerns.
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