Unit 6

Collective bargaining : The process of negotiating terms and conditions of employment between an employer and a union or group of workers

Imperialism : Conquering of foreign territories by powerful countries for natural resources or markets

The Crimean War (1853 - 56) resulted in : the defeat of Russia by an alliance of Britain, France, and Ottoman Empire

Zaibatsu : Large industrial and financial conglomerates founded in Japan to modernize the economy

Two seas linked by the Suez Canal : Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea

Berlin Conference : Conference held without any regard for Africa’s input

Trans-African Railroad : What Rhodes wanted to construct from Cape Town to Cairo

What helped encourage the idea for European imperialism in the 1800s : Nationalistic pride and competition, economic comperition for new markets, belief in superiority of the European way of life

Features of new imperialism : Nationalistic competition among European powers and US, economic motovation to capture natural resources and captive markets, establishment of military outposts to protect colonial assets

Sphere of influence : Region where one country has significant influence and control over the economic, political, and cultural affairs of the region’s native inhabitants

Materials and markets : Motivatin for i perialism, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, where countries sought to acquire new resources and markets for their goods to fuel industrialization and economic growth

Three main types of imperialism : Direct colonial control, settler colonialism, economic imperialism

Examples of settler colonialism : Colonization of South Africa by Dutch settlers, US and its manifest destiny, Australia and Outback

Urbanization : Process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of towns and cities

Distinct difference between socialism and capitalism : In a socialist system, the means of production are publicly owned, in a capitalist system they are owned by private individuals or corporations

Deeper causes of the Indian Rebellion : Cultural grievances, religious grirvances, economic grievances

Outcomes of the Sepoy Rebellion : Abolishment of the British East India Company, establishment of direct British control over India, an era known as the British Raj

What Europeans powers agreed on at the Berlin Conference of 1884 - 85 : Rules for the colonization and partition of Africa among themselves, without African representation

Purpose of White Man’s burden : Ending slave trade, spreading Christianity, civilizing and educating

Protectorate : Controlled by a foreign power, particularly for defense and foreign policy

Colony : Form of imperialism rules directly by a foreign power

Why China declared war on Great Britain : Introduction of opium into china

Why Boxer Rebellion occured : Opposition to foreigners and Chinese Christians

Outcome of Sepoy Rebellion : Britain took direct control of India

Boxers of China : Young men, trained in martial arts

Similarity between Sepoy Rebellion in India and Boxer Rebellion in China : Both were attempts to end foreign interference

Laissez-faire policy : Policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government influence

Primary reason for formation of labor unions : Improving economic status for workers through collective bargaining

Problems caused by the Industrial Revolution : Exploitation of children in factory jobs, pollution, etc

How Adam Smith contributed to the development of capitalism in his book Wealth of Nations : Defending the idea of free markets

What led to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England : Availability of labor, abundance of coal and iron, waterpower from many rivers

Sepoys : Indian soldiers

What happened because if the Sepoy Mutiny : British government took direct command of India

Africa : Region most affected by decisions made at the Berlin Conference of 1884

Meiji Restoration : Period in late 19th and early 20th centuries where Japan rapidly industrialized

What Japanese leaders did directly following the visit of Commodore Perry in 1853 : They opened more ports to trade

Indigenous responses to imperialism : Negotiation, diplomacy, violent resistance