bio cell

Nucleus
It is the cell's control center.
The nucleus encases the nucleolus and chromosomes.
The nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown.
The nucleus is the cell's white house because it controls all of the cell. 

1. The nucleus
2. The thing surrounding and protecting the nucleolus.
3. has the nucleolus in it, keeps DNA in the nucleolus with protiens.
4.The nucleus also has DNA 
5. the Nucleus is like a skull to the nucleolus

golgi Body
The golgi body put lipids proteins and other nutrients into vesicles.
The golgi body is built by lots of matrix proteins.
some plant cells can have over a hundred golgi bodies.
The golgi body is like an amazon fulfillment center because it receives an order from other organelles and the packages up there order into vesicles. 

1. Vacuole
2. A sac in the cell that stores nutrients, water, and waste. 
3. They are specialized lysosomes, they contain a membrane called a tonoplast. They also contain H2O in large quantities. 
4. In some plant cells, the vacuole takes up almost all of the cell.
5. Vacuoles are like warehouses they store the things that the city (cell) needs to use.

1. Prokaryote
2. Single celled organisms without a nucleus, and play a big role in lots of ecosystems.
3. Cell membrane, cell wall (usually), cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, flagella (sometimes).
4. They can survive extreme climates / conditions. 
5. Like a calculator that can only do the basics, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It does only the essentials and is not capable of doing much more. 

1. Eukaryote
2. Definition: Any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus
3. Nucleus, Nuclear Membrane, chromosomes, and organelles
4. Scientifically, eukaryotes are thought to have evolved 1.7 - 1.9 billion years ago
5. Any multi-celled organism is a eukaryote

1) My word is Enzyme
2) The Enzyme helps speed up and facilitate chemical reactions within the organism.
3) Enzymes are made up of proteins consisting of amino acids.
4) An interesting fact about Enzymes is that in the digestive system they break big molecules into smaller molecules so the body can use them as fuel.
5) Another way to explain Enzymes is that they are helpers that help different things around the cell do things better and faster.

1. Vacuole
2. Vacuoles take in waste products and get rid of them.
3. Water that contains organic molecules and enzymes. 
4. Vacuoles create a balance of substances inside and outside of it, just like the cell membrane. 
5. A trash can in a house, that stores waste and is emptied. 
 

1. Chlorophyll
2. Chlorophyll is only in plant cells. It is what makes plants green and chlorophyll is involved in photosynthesis.  
3. A chlorophyll molecule is made up of a magnesium ion encased in chlorine a large ring structure
4. Chlorophyll can absorb the nutrient needed in plants such as water and other minerals.
5. Chlorophyll is the reason why leaves change colors in the fall then back to their normal color in spring.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

It supports growth of the cell by processing the molecules required for cell function and communication.

Phospholipids, Proteins, Structural proteins, Enzymes, Ribosomes, Chaperone Proteins, Calcium Ions, Glycoproteins, Enzymes.

It plays a crucial role in the combination of proteins and lipids, acting as a packaging system within the cell. 

The endoplasmic reticulum is like a car assembly line in BMW. The ER has 2 main types: the rough ER and the smooth ER. The rough ER is like the section where the car is put together, and the ribosomes are like workers building proteins. And the smooth ER is like the part of the assembly line where the car is painted and finished.

1. Spongy Mesophyll

2. Mesophyll cells in plant leaves carry out photosynthesis, specifically they have air spaces

3. They have lots of chloroplasts with chlorophyll, as well as proteins, water, and gases like CO2 and O2.

4. Leaves have two types of mesophyll, palisade and spongy.

5. Mesophyll cells are like solar panels, converting sunlight into energy for the plant.

1. Golgi
2. Prepares the proteins and lipids for use inside and outside the cell
3. It is made of a stack of flattened cisternae and vesicles
4. It had many names before the Golgi Apparatus, like Golgi-Homgren Ducts and Golgi-Kopsch Apparatus
5. The Golgi Apparatus is like the post office.

1. Mitochondria
2. The Mitochondria produces ATP, the main energy molecule used by the cell. 
3. The matrix, the cristae space, and the the outer mitochondrial membrane. 
4. The Mitochondria is also known as the powerhouse of the cell. 
5. The Mitochondria is a nuclear reactor powering the cell that is the city. 

1. Chloroplasts
2. The chloroplasts are only located in plant cells and there role is to carry out the photosynthesis (Khan Academy).
3. The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which makes the photosynthesis and causes the chloroplasts to have a green color. The parts of the chloroplasts are the inner membrane, outer membrane, intermembrane space, thylakoid membrane, stroma and lamella (BYJU's). 
4. Their three membranes divide the chloroplast into three different compartment (NCBI). 
5. The chloroplasts are like the death planet from the seventh star wars movie. They take energy from the sun, store it, and use it as energy for the cell and plant (photosynthesis.) They explode it across their galaxy (plant.) 

My word is Rough ER. The Rough ER processes the proteins. Lots of ribosomes held together by Microtubles. It is found in the whole cell but highest density near Nucleus and Golgi Apparatus. Four chains brought together to form Haemoglobin.

Cytoskeleton.
provides a structural framework for the cell, serving as a scaffold that determines cell shape and the general organization of the cytoplasm.
microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.
It is often called the backbone of the cell.
The frame of a building.

1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
2. It is responsible for the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones, as well as storage and transportation.
3. It has tubular membrane vesicles, cisternae, and a phospholipid membrane.
4. Cells cannot live without the Smooth E.R.
5. It is like a series of roads, that has parking spots to store stuff.

1. Prokaryote
2. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that recycle, produce, and decompose organic matter in ecosystems. Additionally, they lack a nucleus and few other organelles that are present in a eukaryotic cell, so their DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm. Bacteria and archaea are the two main types of prokaryotes.
3. Prokaryotes have four important components:
     1. a plasma membrane: (a phospholipid bilayer that separates a cell from its external environment)
     2. a cytoplasm: (a substance that keeps the internal structures of cells stable and safeguards them from harm)
     3. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): (molecules that act as a set of instructions for building an organism)
     4. ribosomes: (the cellular components that are responsible for synthesizing proteins)
     5. Some prokaryotic cells contain a flagella (tail).
4. The first prokaryotes emerged on Earth approximately 3.5 billion years ago. They represented the sole form of life on the planet until about 1.5 billion years ago, when eukaryotes existed.
5. Prokaryotes are like the stomach and saliva; it can down decompose organic material into more basic compounds via enzymatic processes.

1. Photosynthesis

2. It converts CO₂, sunlight, and water into sugar, water, and oxygen

3. ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), rubisco protein, 

4. some of the sugars made from this process are cycled back into this process by combining it with carbon and becoming RuBP again

5. Its like mashing a bunch of fruits together to get a new type of fruit

1. my word is palisade
2. A palisade is a layer of densely packed cells between the upper epidermis and the outermost layer of a leaf.
3. Palisade cells contain large amounts of chloroplasts
4. Palisade cells are the leading factor, in most leaves, in producing energy via photosynthesis for the cell and green pigment is abundant in palisades. 
5. Palisades are like lead actors in a show; they get the most attention, while the other parts of a leaf are supporting actors, looking up to the palisades. 

1. Mitochondria 
2. It is the "powerhouse" of the the cell, in eukaryote cells.
3. Two important components are that it has its own DNA and Ribosomes.
4. They can produce up to 90% of your body's cells energy. 
5. The Mitochondria is like a power plant because it generates energy for it's cell or community. 

1. Lysosome

2. Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell. It is used to break down the material from the outside of the cell, and they are used to digest obsolete pieces of the cell.

3.  They are membrane bound organelles and they have many kinds enzymes in them.

4.  There can be 50-1,000 lysosomes in a cell

5. Lysosomes are like professional eaters because they eat lots of things as their job.

Word: Cytoskeleton
Role in cell/organism/type: It helps cells maintain their formation and organization while also allowing them to do essential tasks like moving. 
Components: Consists of 3 fibers: microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.
Fact: It helps the formation of vacuoles. 
Explain using an example: It is like our own skeleton, or in our school, is like all the walls on the inside that support the building.

1. Eukaryote
2. A kind of cell or organism that has a clearly defined nucleus
3. Nucleus, other organelles
4. The process of eukoaryotic cells dividing is called mitosis.
5. Eukaryotes are like the LEGO package that has the instructions, lego pieces, and lego tools (like the piece separator)

Gene
2. Genes are passed from parents to offspring and have the information to specify physical and biological traits.
3. Genes are made of DNA, which is composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nucleotide.
4. There are between 30,000 and 40,000 genes in the human genome.
5. Genes are the box that contains the instruction manual for the LEGOs.