Social determinants of health are conditions influencing health outcomes.
Referring to 12 determinants for simplicity in the course.
Health promotion strategies aim to improve patient health and well-being.
Building rapport is essential, especially with vulnerable populations like the homeless.
Example: Offering support and discussing realistic options for housing if discharged.
Nurses must understand their patients' circumstances to tailor health promotion efforts.
Disease prevention encompasses actions to avoid illness or disease.
Works in conjunction with health promotion strategies.
Primary Prevention
Example: Immunizations to prevent diseases before they occur.
Secondary Prevention
Early detection of diseases through screenings.
Tertiary Prevention
Rehabilitation and treatment after disease has occurred, such as post-stroke rehabilitation.
A foundational document in health promotion with key strategies:
Building Healthy Public Policy: Ensuring policies promote health for everyone (e.g., COVID-19 guidelines).
Creating Supportive Environments: Enhancing community health by improving living conditions.
Strengthening Community Action: Empowering communities to take charge of their health.
Developing Personal Skills: Educating individuals to manage their health.
Reorienting Health Services: Shifting focus towards health promotion and disease prevention.
The model integrates health promotion with population health.
Nurses should always consider:
Who: Who is affected by the determinants?
What: What actions can be taken to address health issues?
Self-concept is the perception nurses have of themselves, affecting their practice.
Factors influencing self-concept include values, beliefs, and life experiences.
Nurses' self-esteem impacts their ability to care for patients.
Recognizing how one's self-concept affects patient care is crucial.
Self-esteem reflects an individual's feelings of worth and capability.
Important for mental health and overall well-being.
Nurses must assess and clarify patients' self-assessment and feelings.
Explore adaptive (healthy) and maladaptive (unhealthy) coping strategies with patients.
Collaboratively identify new solutions or alternatives for coping.
Fight or Flight Response: Initial reaction to high-stress situations.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): Stages are Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.
Connection between stress hormones (e.g., cortisol) and the immune response.
Developmental Crisis: Relates to changes in life stages.
Situational Crisis: Resulting from external events like job loss or natural disasters.
Nurses must have a mature understanding of emotions to support patients effectively.
Balancing positive reinforcement with constructive feedback is essential in the clinical environment.
Signs include:
Avoidance of eye contact
Slumped posture
Unkempt appearance
Over-apologetic behavior
Negative self-talk
Addressing a 16-year-old's self-concept post-delivery focusing on appearance and support for adoption while managing her health.
Review chapters 27 and 30 of the course material before the next class.
Prepare for discussions on the nursing process, including assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.